自我控制损耗对大学生强互惠行为的影响

发布时间：2018-06-10 11:50

本文选题：强互惠 + 消极互惠　；参考：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：强互惠行为是日常人际交往中较为普遍的现象,个体会对他人善意的行为表示感激和回报;也会不惜牺牲自己的利益或付出一定的代价对他人的不公平行为进行惩罚。诸多证据表明,强互惠行为的亲社会倾向(积极互惠)和惩罚不公平(消极互惠)的行为倾向能够促进和稳定社会交往与合作。而目前对于影响强互惠行为的心理因素我们了解得并不多,因此,本研究采用经济博弈学中的最后通牒博弈范式和信任投资博弈范式从消极和积极两个方面探讨自我控制损耗对大学生强互惠行为的影响。实验一采用2(自我控制损耗:高损耗,低损耗)×5(公平水平:10%,20%,30%,40%,50%)的混合实验设计,研究自我控制损耗与公平对大学生消极互惠行为的影响。组间自变量是自我控制损耗,组内自变量是公平水平,因变量是被试对分配提议作出的拒绝率。实验二采用2(自我控制损耗:高损耗,低损耗)×5(信任水平:20%,40%,60%,80%,100%)的混合实验设计,研究自我控制损耗与信任对大学生积极互惠行为的影响。组间自变量是自我控制损耗,组内自变量是信任水平,因变量是被试对不同信任投资的平均回报金额)。两个实验的数据都采用SPSS17.0进行统计分析。本研究发现大学生在人际交互中并不是完全追求自身利益最大化,而是会关注的公平和信任因素,随着公平水平降低,被试更倾向于牺牲自己的利益去惩罚他人,表现出消极互惠行为;随着信任水平提高,个体的积极互惠行为倾向更强。自我控制损耗与公平的交互作用会使大学生的消极互惠行为变得非常复杂。在极度不公平条件下(10%-20%),高低损耗组的大学生普遍表现出消极互惠行为,在中等的不公平条件下(30%),自我控制损耗高的大学生更倾向于表现出消极互惠行为,而在较公平的条件下(40%-50%),自我控制损耗低的大学生更倾向于表现出消极互惠行为。自我控制损耗与信任的交互作用对大学生积极互惠的影响较弱,高自我控制损耗的个体比低自我控制损耗的个体对高度信任水平更加敏感,表现出更强的积极互惠倾向。
[Abstract]:The behavior of strong reciprocity is a common phenomenon in daily interpersonal communication. Individuals will express their gratitude and reward for the kind behavior of others, and they will also punish the unfair behavior of others at the expense of their own interests or at a certain price. Many evidences show that the pro-social tendency of strong reciprocity (positive reciprocity) and the tendency to punish injustice (negative reciprocity) can promote and stabilize social interaction and cooperation. At present, we do not know much about the psychological factors that influence the behavior of strong reciprocity, so, This study uses the paradigm of ultimatum game and trust and investment game paradigm in economic game theory to explore the negative and positive effects of self-control loss on college students' strong reciprocal behavior. In experiment 1, the effects of self-control loss and fairness on negative and reciprocal behaviors of college students were studied by using a mixed experiment design of 2 (Self-control loss: high loss, low loss) 脳 5 (fair level 10: 20). The inter-group independent variable is self-control loss, the independent variable in the group is the fair level, and the dependent variable is the rate of rejection of the allocation proposal. In experiment 2, a hybrid design of 2 (self-control loss: high loss, low loss) 脳 5 (trust level: 20 / 40) was used to study the effect of self-control loss and trust on positive and reciprocal behaviors of college students. Inter-group independent variable is self-control loss, intra-group independent variable is trust level, dependent variable is the average return amount of different trust investment. The data of the two experiments were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. This study found that college students do not completely pursue the maximization of their own interests in interpersonal interaction, but rather pay attention to the factors of fairness and trust. As the level of fairness decreases, the subjects are more likely to sacrifice their own interests to punish others. The positive and reciprocal behaviors of individuals tend to be stronger with the increase of trust level. The interaction between self-control loss and fairness can complicate the negative and reciprocal behaviors of college students. Under extremely unfair conditions, students in the high and low attrition group generally showed negative and reciprocal behaviors, while students with high self-control losses were more likely to show negative reciprocal behaviors under moderate unfair conditions. On the other hand, students with low self-control loss were more likely to show negative reciprocal behaviors under fair conditions. The interaction between self-control loss and trust had a weaker effect on the positive reciprocity of college students. The individuals with high self-control loss were more sensitive to the high level of trust than those with low loss of self-control and showed a stronger tendency of positive reciprocity.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

【参考文献】