习得的预测经验对注意选择的影响

发布时间：2018-06-15 21:28

本文选题：关联学习 + 刺激突显性　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：有关注意选择影响因素的研究发现,经典的注意二分控制理论并不能有效解释一些选择现象,例如试次间的启动。Awh,Belopolsky和Theeuwes(2012)提出了综合的优先性理论,为更好的解释此类现象提供了可能性。近来有研究者提出除了物理突显性和观察者的当前意图,习得的预测经验可能也会影响视觉注意的选择。但它是具体怎样影响搜索过程的3阶段的,以及当它分别与刺激突显性、认知相关性同时呈现时对搜索3阶段的影响又会有什么不同?目前尚不清楚。本研究借鉴前人方法,利用眼动技术将搜索过程分为三个阶段(搜索起始/扫描/目标确认),包括2个实验。实验1采用了混合的学习任务与搜索任务范式,学习任务试次与搜索任务试次混合随机呈现,采用2(习得的预测经验:低预测性、高预测性)×2(颜色干扰子:出现、不出现)×2(刺激突显性:出现、不出现)的混合实验设计,探究习得的预测经验与刺激突显性同时呈现时对搜索3阶段的影响。行为数据显示,突显干扰子、颜色干扰子主效应显著,颜色干扰子与习得预测经验交互作用显著,说明习得预测经经验、刺激突显性都会影响注意选择。眼动数据显示,在搜索起始阶段,习得的预测经验、突显干扰子、颜色干扰子主效应显著,说明习得的预测经验与刺激突显性都会影响搜索起始阶段;在扫描阶段,突显干扰子主效应显著,突显干扰子与颜色干扰子的交互作用显著,在目标确认阶段,习得的预测刺激、突显干扰子、颜色干扰子交互作用显著。实验2采用2(习得的预测经验:低预测性、高预测性)×2(颜色干扰子:出现、不出现)×2(提示线索:出现、不出现)的混合实验设计,探究习得的预测经验与认知相关性同时呈现时对搜索3阶段的影响。行为数据的结果显示,提示线索、颜色干扰子主效应显著,两者交互作用显著,说明习得的预测经验与认知相关性都会对注意选择产生影响。眼动数据显示,在搜索起始阶段,习得的预测经验、提示线索、颜色干扰子主效应显著,并且三者的交互作用显著;在扫描阶段,习得的预测经验、颜色干扰子主效应显著,提示线索与颜色干扰子交互作用显著;在目标确认阶段,习得的预测经验主效应显著,习得的预测经验、提示线索、颜色干扰子的交互作用显著。由此我们得出如下结论:(1)习得的预测经验会影响注意选择:注意会优先分配向高预测性的刺激;而习得的相似但有所不同的刺激特征,同样也会吸引更多的注意。(2)当它与刺激突显性同时呈现时,习得的预测经验在注意搜索的三个阶段都影响注意分配,并且在扫描阶段对注意选择的影响比刺激突显性更大;而刺激突显性只在搜索的起始阶段和扫描阶段对注意分配有影响,但是并不影响目标确认阶段。(3)当它与认知相关性同时呈现时,习得的预测经验在注意搜索的三个阶段都影响注意分配,并且在扫描阶段对注意选择的影响比认知相关性的作用更大;而认知相关性只在搜索的扫描阶段和目标确认阶段对注意分配有影响,但是并不影响搜索的起始阶段。
[Abstract]:The study of the influential factors found that the classical attention two point control theory does not effectively explain some of the selection phenomena, such as the starting.Awh, Belopolsky and Theeuwes (2012), which put forward a comprehensive priority theory to provide a better explanation for this phenomenon. The predictive experience of dominant and observer may also affect the selection of visual attention. But how does it affect the 3 stage of the search process, and what is the difference in the effect of cognitive correlation on the 3 stage when the cognitive correlation is presented at the same time? It is not yet clear. The human method, using eye movement technology, divides the search process into three stages (search start / scan / target confirmation), including 2 experiments. Experiment 1 uses a mixed learning task and search task paradigm, a mixed random presentation of a trial task and a search task, and a 2 (low predictability, high predictability) x 2 (color dry). A mixed experiment design of x 2 (irritation: emergence, no appearance), a study of the predictive experience of acquisition and the effect on the 3 phase of the search during the simultaneous presentation of stimuli. In the beginning of the search, the predictive experience of the acquisition shows that the main effect of the interferer is significant, which indicates that the acquisition prediction experience and the stimulation dominance will affect the initial stage of the search, and the main effect of the interferer is prominent in the scanning stage. The interaction between the interferer and the color interferer is significant. In the stage of target recognition, the acquisition of the predicted stimulus, the interference child, the interaction of the color interferer is significant. Experiment 2 uses 2 (acquired predictive experience: low predictability, high predictability) * 2 (color interference: appear, do not appear) * 2 (hint clue: appear, do not appear) mixed experimental design, The effect of the prediction experience and cognitive correlation on the 3 phase of the search is explored. The results of the behavioral data show that the main effect of the color interferer is significant and the interaction is significant. It shows that both the acquisition prediction experience and the cognitive correlation will affect the attention selection. The eye movement data show that the initial order of the search is in the beginning. The prediction experience of the acquisition, the hint clue, the main effect of the color interferer is significant, and the interaction of the three is significant. In the scanning stage, the acquisition prediction experience shows that the main effect of the color interferer is significant, which suggests that the interaction between the cues and the color interferer is significant; in the stage of target confirmation, the master effect of the acquisition is significant, and the acquisition prediction has been predicted. The interaction between the cues and the cues is significant. Therefore, we draw the following conclusions: (1) the acquisition of predictive experience affects attention selection: attention will prioritization to high predictive stimuli; while the acquisition of similar but different stimulus characteristics will also attract more attention. (2) when it is simultaneously presented with the stimulus dominance In the three stages of attention searching, the learning prediction experience affects attention allocation, and the influence of attention selection in the scanning phase is greater than that of the stimulus dominance; and the stimulus protrusion only affects attention distribution at the beginning and scanning stages of the search, but does not sound the target confirmation stage. (3) when it is associated with cognitive correlation, In the presentation, the acquisition prediction experience affects attention allocation in the three stages of attention searching, and the effect of the attention selection in the scanning phase is greater than the cognitive correlation; and the cognitive correlation only affects the attention allocation in the scan stage and the target confirmation stage, but does not affect the beginning of the search.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】