冲突控制策略的老化研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 02:58

本文选题：老年人 + 冲突控制策略　；参考：《西北师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：日常生活中，我们经常会面临一些困难和复杂的情境，这时就要求我们对繁多的信息做出选择和判断，调用认知资源来对信息进行加工和控制，从而调节自身行为顺利克服困难。冲突控制作为认知控制加工成分中的一个重要部分，指的是个体在冲突或者存有竞争的情境中克服无关信息，选择相关信息的过程，体现了认知控制的行为监控和冲突解决能力。按照双重认知控制理论的划分，冲突控制策略可以分为主动性控制策略和反应性控制策略两种形式，这两种冲突控制策略在冲突解决的过程当中协同作用。主动性控制需要个体在反应前维持对线索的持续性激活，受自上而下的信息加工影响较大；而反应性控制是指个体在反应时对先前信息进行暂时的激活，受自下而上的信息加工影响较大，在不同的背景下，两种冲突控制策略灵活调节，以最有利的方式来解决当前出现的困难。老年人心理健康问题已成为研究者们关注的一个热点，而随着年龄的增长，老年人解决冲突以及对冲突的控制能力也会随之下降，对老年人的冲突控制策略进行研究有利于帮助和指导老年人更好的解决生活中的困难。关于意识状态与冲突控制的研究也已成为研究者的一个关注点，意识条件下能够引发冲突控制这一结论已不存在异议，但是无意识条件下能否引发个体对冲突的控制仍然有很大的争论，此外关于意识状态的差异与冲突控制策略关系的研究也少之又少。本研究旨在探讨老年人与青年人的冲突控制策略差异，以及无意识状态下冲突控制策略的特点。本研究以老年人和大学生为被试，设计了两个实验，实验一探讨老年人与青年人冲突控制策略的差异，，实验二将无意识冲突作为一个研究条件探讨老年人和青年人在冲突处于无意识状态时，对于冲突的控制策略有何特点。研究采用操作不同冲突比例的数字Stroop任务，实验二与实验一不同的是实验二对启动刺激进行了前后掩蔽，使启动刺激处于无意识条件状态。实验一研究结果发现：（1）从反应时结果来看，在不同冲突情境下老年人和青年人都采用了主动性控制的策略对冲突进行控制，青年人的主动性控制能力比老年人更强；不同冲突情境下青年人和老年人都没有表现出典型的冲突适应效应，反应时结果没有反映出两组被试的反应性控制。（2）准确率结果中两组被试没有表现出主动性控制策略的使用，但都表现出了反应性控制策略的使用，且老年人反应性控制比青年人更突出。实验二研究结果发现：（1）从反应时结果来看，无意识状态下青年人和老年人都采用主动性控制策略进行冲突控制，但青年人的主动性控制能力比老年人更强，且受到无意识冲突干扰影响更大；无意识状态下老年人和青年人没有表现出明显的反应性控制。（2）正确率的结果上表现为青年人采取了主动性控制的策略，老年人没有表现出明显的主动性控制，两组被试都没有表现出明显的反应性控制。基于以上结果，本研究认为老年人主动性控制能力较年轻人相比有所下降；无意识状态下两组被试都能进行冲突控制，但青年人的冲突控制能力比老年人更强。
[Abstract]:In daily life , we often face some difficult and complex situations . At this time , we ask us to make choices and judgements about many kinds of information , call cognitive resources to process and control information , so as to adjust its behavior smoothly . As a key part of cognitive control processing components , conflict control can be divided into two forms : initiative control strategy and reactive control strategy .
The reactive control refers to the temporary activation of the previous information at the time of the reaction , which is influenced by the bottom - up information processing . In different contexts , the two conflict control strategies are flexibly adjusted to solve the present difficulties in the most favorable way .

The mental health problem of the elderly has become a hot spot of the researchers , and with the increase of the age , the resolution of the old people and the ability to control the conflict will decrease , and the research on the conflict control strategy of the old people will help to help and guide the older people to better solve the difficulties in their lives .

The research on the state of consciousness and the conflict control has also become a concern of the researchers , and there is no objection to the conclusion that the conflict control can be initiated under the condition of consciousness , but whether the control of the conflict can be raised under the condition of lack of awareness still has a great debate , and the research on the relationship between the consciousness state and the conflict control strategy is also rare .

The purpose of this study is to explore the conflict control strategy between the elderly and young people and the characteristics of the conflict control strategy under the unconscious state . In this study , the differences between the old people and the young people in the conflict control strategy are designed . Two experiments are conducted to discuss the difference between the old people and the young people ' s conflict control strategy .

The results of this study found that : ( 1 ) In the case of different conflict situations , the old people and young people adopt the strategy of initiative control to control the conflict , and the initiative control ability of the young people is stronger than the old people .
There was no typical conflict adaptation effect in both young and old people in different conflict situations . The results of the response did not reflect the reactive control of the two groups .

The results of the experiment showed that : ( 1 ) In the view of the results of the reaction , both young people and old people in the unconscious state had a conflict control by adopting the initiative control strategy , but the initiative control ability of the young people was stronger than that of the old people , and the influence of the unconscious conflict was greater ;
In the unconscious state , the aged and the young people did not show obvious reactivity control . ( 2 ) The results of the correct rate showed that the young people adopted the strategy of initiative control , the old people did not show obvious initiative control , and both groups showed no obvious reactivity control .

Based on the above results , the study concluded that the control ability of the elderly was lower than that of young people .
In the unconscious state , both groups were tested for conflict control , but the conflict - control capacity of young people was stronger than that of older persons .
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.4

【参考文献】