价值驱动的注意对工作记忆中信息存储状态的影响

发布时间：2018-06-17 12:40

本文选题：价值驱动的注意 + 工作记忆　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前研究者对工作记忆中信息的存储状态进行了大量研究,但仍存在争议。主要存在三种不同的观点:(1)Cowan(2001)认为工作记忆中存储的信息有注意焦点(focus of attention,FoA),与长时记忆(long-term memory,LTM)两种状态,其中注意焦点可存储3-4个客体;(2)McElree(2006)同样认为工作记忆中的信息有注意焦点与长时记忆两种状态,但注意焦点仅可存储1个客体;(3)Oberauer(2002)则认为工作记忆中存储的信息有注意焦点、直接存取(direct access,DA)与长时记忆三种状态,但注意焦点可存储1个客体。综合以上观点可以得出,从工作记忆中检索信息意味着将选择目标信息进入注意焦点以进行进一步的加工。所以工作记忆中的注意焦点与知觉中的选择性注意有着类似的加工机制。除了经典的外源性注意和内源性注意,近年来研究者提出了价值驱动的注意(Anderson,Laurent,Yantis,2011),即通过赋予某些特征或刺激金钱奖励等价值因素改变实现的选择性。基于价值的注意一经提出便引起了研究者的广泛关注,然而尚未有研究探讨其对工作记忆中信息存储状态的影响。本研究中笔者采用训练-测试范式,来探讨价值驱动的注意对工作记忆中信息存储状态的影响。实验一采用顺次呈现范式,发现奖励联结的记忆项和最后一个记忆项处于注意焦点。实验二采用同时呈现-线索化范式,发现基于不同的注意类型,注意焦点中可以保持至少2个客体。实验三采用与实验二相同的范式,改变线索的有效性,发现工作记忆在加工基于不同的注意类型进入注意焦点的客体时不会相互影响。本研究得到以下结论:(1)价值驱动的注意可以选择信息进入注意焦点。(2)基于不同的注意类型的选择性(内源性注意或外源性注意与价值驱动的注意),注意焦点中可以保持2个客体。(3)基于不同的注意类型的选择性,工作记忆在加工注意焦点中的多个客体时不会相互影响。
[Abstract]:At present, researchers have done a lot of research on the storage state of information in working memory, but there is still controversy. There are three different points of view: one is that the information stored in working memory is the focus of attention, and the other is long term memory. Among them, attention focus can store 3-4 objects. McElreeen (2006) also thinks that there are two kinds of states of attention focus and long term memory in working memory, but only one object can be stored in attention focus. Direct access DAs and long term memory are three states, but the focus of attention can store one object. It can be concluded that retrieving information from working memory means selecting target information into focus for further processing. Therefore, the focus of attention in working memory has a similar processing mechanism as selective attention in perception. In addition to the classical exogenous attention and endogenous attention, researchers have recently proposed value-driven attention, I. e., the selectivity achieved by assigning certain characteristics or stimulating value factors such as monetary rewards. The attention based on value has attracted the attention of researchers since it was put forward. However, there has not been any research on its influence on the storage state of information in working memory. In this study, the author uses the training-test paradigm to explore the effect of value-driven attention on the information storage state in working memory. In experiment 1, the sequentially presented paradigm was used to find that the memory item associated with reward and the last memory item were in the focus of attention. In experiment 2, we found that at least two objects can be kept in the focus of attention based on different attention types. Experiment 3 adopted the same paradigm as experiment 2 to change the validity of cues and found that working memory does not interact with each other when processing objects that enter the focus of attention based on different types of attention. In this study, we draw the following conclusions: Value-driven attention can choose information to enter the focus of attention.) based on different types of attention (endogenous attention or exogenous attention and value-driven attention), attention focus can be To maintain the selectivity of two objects based on different types of attention, Working memory does not interact with each other when processing multiple objects in the focus of attention.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

【相似文献】