物质主义对低阶层大学生自尊的补偿作用

发布时间：2018-06-17 21:15

本文选题：社会阶层 + 自尊　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：物质主义是一种强调拥有物质财富重要性的个人价值观。随着市场经济的快速发展,中国人沉溺于物质享受和追求品牌表现自我,这已成为一种普遍的现象,并且在青年群体中更为凸显。已有研究发现,物质主义对国家发展与个体成长产生负面影响。因而了解影响物质主义的因素,控制个体的物质主义水平,引导个体树立正确的价值观,形成理性的消费行为十分必要。家庭在个体社会化进程中大大影响个体物质主义价值观的形成。家庭社会阶层作为一个重要的因素,对个体的生理与心理发展产生较大的影响。近些年,我国阶层分化日益加剧,阶层固化严重。那么,探究青少年所处的家庭社会阶层对其物质主义的影响及其心理机制十分必要。基于此,本文通过相关和实验研究来考察社会阶层与物质主义的关系,以及自尊对社会阶层与物质主义关系之间所起的中介作用,最后探讨物质主义对低社会阶层自尊的补偿作用。研究一采用问卷调查法,以405名大学生为被试,探究家庭社会阶层与物质主义的相关关系,及自尊的中介作用。结果发现,低阶层大学生比高阶层大学生有更高的物质主义倾向,并且自尊在社会阶层与物质主义倾向之间的中介效应显著。研究二中,采用实验法进一步探究主观阶层与物质主义之间的因果关系,及自尊在主观社会阶层影响物质主义倾向过程中起到的中介作用。随机将70名被试分为两个组,采用想象任务让一组被试感知较高的社会阶层地位,而让另一组被试感知较低的社会阶层地位。结果表明,低阶层的大学生被试对物质财富表现更积极的态度,且自尊在主观社会阶层和物质主义倾向之间的中介效应显著。个体的主观家庭社会阶层越低,自尊水平越低,物质主义倾向也就越高。研究三在前两个研究的基础上,进一步采用实验法反面探究物质主义对低社会阶层者自尊的补偿作用。本研究的被试为66名低主观阶层大学生。其中实验组33名,采用想象范式启动物质主义;控制组33名,不进行启动。研究结果表明,经过物质主义启动组的低阶层被试自尊水平显著高于控制组。本文用三个小研究从社会阶层的视角来探究大学生的物质主义,为引导和培养大学生健康正确的价值观提供借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Materialism is a personal value that emphasizes the importance of having material wealth. With the rapid development of market economy, Chinese people indulge in material enjoyment and the pursuit of brand self-expression, which has become a common phenomenon, and more prominent in the youth group. Research has found that materialism has a negative impact on national development and individual growth. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the factors that affect materialism, control the level of materialism, guide individuals to set up correct values and form rational consumption behavior. Family greatly affects the formation of individual materialistic values in the process of individual socialization. As an important factor, family social stratum has a great influence on the development of individual physiology and psychology. In recent years, the stratum differentiation in our country is becoming more and more serious, and the stratum solidification is serious. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the influence of the family and social stratum on the materialism and its psychological mechanism. Based on this, this paper examines the relationship between social stratum and materialism and the intermediary effect of self-esteem on the relationship between social stratum and materialism through relevant and experimental studies. Finally, it discusses the compensatory effect of materialism on low social class self-esteem. In the first study, 405 college students were investigated by questionnaire to explore the relationship between family social stratum and materialism, and the mediating role of self-esteem. The results show that the lower class college students have higher materialistic tendency than the high class college students, and the mediating effect of self-esteem between the social stratum and the materialistic tendency is significant. In the second study, we further explore the causal relationship between subjective stratum and materialism and the intermediary role of self-esteem in the process of subjective social stratum's influence on materialistic tendency. 70 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. One group perceived higher social class status while the other group perceived lower social class status. The results show that the lower class college students have a more positive attitude towards material wealth, and the mediating effect of self-esteem between subjective social stratum and materialistic tendency is significant. The lower the subjective family and social stratum, the lower the self-esteem and the higher the materialistic tendency. On the basis of the first two studies, the third study further explores the compensatory effect of materialism on low social class people's self-esteem by means of experimental method. The subjects in this study were 66 low-level college students. Among them, 33 cases in the experimental group, using imagination paradigm to start materialism, 33 cases in the control group, no priming. The results showed that the self-esteem level of low-class subjects was significantly higher than that of control group. This paper uses three small studies to explore the materialism of college students from the perspective of social stratum, which provides reference for guiding and cultivating the healthy and correct values of college students.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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