基于反馈加工的规则学习:研究儿童认知灵活性的新范式

发布时间：2018-06-18 17:57

本文选题：认知灵活性 + 目标选择任务　；参考：《心理科学》2017年06期

【摘要】：认知灵活性作为执行功能的三个主要成分之一,对个体能力发展和环境适应起着重要作用。但以往研究多采用不同范式来考察不同年龄段儿童在一个优势规则失效后灵活转换至新规则的能力。本研究旨在威斯康星卡片分类任务(WCST)的基础上设计一种新任务范式,考察年龄范围更大的群体在规则习得过程中根据不同性质的反馈信息保持与灵活修订假设的能力。我们设计了目标选择任务(target choose task,TCT),考察181名5~11岁儿童的认知灵活性。其中24名儿童亦完成WCST。结果表明,TCT通过率界于32~65.7%;TCT高分组成绩显著高于低分组;分半信度计算结果表明奇数编号题目与偶数题目得分正相关;TCT分数与WCST完成分类数和概念化水平数分别呈正相关。这些结果表明TCT难度适中,具有区分度,内部一致性高,效度良好,可以在更大的年龄跨度上研究儿童在规则习得过程中的认知灵活性。
[Abstract]:As one of the three main components of executive function, cognitive flexibility plays an important role in individual ability development and environment adaptation. However, previous studies have used different paradigms to examine the ability of children of different ages to switch to new rules after an advantage rule fails. The purpose of this study is to design a new task paradigm based on Wisconsin Card sorting Task (WCST) to investigate the ability of older groups to maintain and flexibly revise assumptions according to different characteristics of feedback during rule acquisition. We designed target choose tasktaskTCTA to investigate the cognitive flexibility of 181 children aged 511. Among them, 24 children also completed WCST. The results showed that the pass rate of TCT was significantly higher in the high score group than that in the low group, and the results of split-half reliability calculation showed that the score of odd number and even number was positively correlated with the number of WCST complete classification and the number of conceptualized level. These results indicate that TCT is of moderate difficulty, differentiation, high internal consistency and good validity. It can be used to study children's cognitive flexibility in the process of rule acquisition in a larger age span.
【作者单位】：江西师范大学心理学院;辽宁师范大学脑与认知神经科学研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(NSFC 31571118)的资助
【分类号】：B844.1

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