位置信息对视觉工作记忆的影响

发布时间：2018-06-18 18:26

本文选题：位置信息 + 视觉工作记忆　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现实生活中,个体为了指导针对客体的行为,必须将特征信息和位置信息整合,即客体-位置绑定。理论研究同样也强调了位置信息在视觉工作记忆中的作用,位置信息在知觉和记忆阶段被用作分离客体的依据,在再认阶段被用作识别客体的线索。以往的研究在探究位置信息对视觉工作记忆的影响时大多采用单个探测的方式,考察对于单个客体的再认是否受到位置信息的影响,而本文采用全部探测,考察对于同时呈现的多个客体的工作记忆是否受到位置信息的影响,这种影响是否会因为视野和位置变化的可预期性的差异而有所不同。实验1,采用3(记忆子集:2,4,6项目)×2(探测方式:单个探测,全部探测)×2(再认位置:位置不变,位置变化)三因素被试内设计。实验2在实验1的基础上加入了视野这一因素,在左右视野分别呈现同等数量的色块,要求被试只记忆某侧视野的客体,采用3(记忆子集:2,4,6项目)×2(探测方式:单个探测,全部探测)×2(再认位置:位置不变,位置变化)×2(视野:左,右)四因素被试内设计。实验1和实验2中再认位置变化时,色块总是出现在固定的位置,位置的变化是可预期的。实验3在实验1的基础上进行调整,位置变化时,色块出现的位置是随机的。实验3中仅使用全部探测,采用3(记忆子集:2,4,6项目)×2(再认位置:位置不变,位置变化)两因素被试内设计。实验1到实验3再认位置条件在子任务间平衡,被试清楚地知道接下来的任务中是否需要对应位置。实验4再认位置在区组内平衡,被试在记忆时并不知道,接下来的试次中探测序列中的位置是否会发生变化,并使用统一的指导语要求被试判断记忆序列和探测序列的所有颜色是否全部相同。同实验3一样,采用3(记忆子集大小:2项目,4项目,6项目)×2(再认位置:位置不变,位置变化)两因素被试内设计。另外,在每个实验中,被试在完成视觉工作记忆任务后,都需要完成一个空间工作记忆广度测试。结果显示,(1)位置信息对视觉工作记忆的影响会因为探测方式的不同而出现差异。单个探测,再认位置对记忆正确率没有影响,位置不变时的反应时慢于位置变化时。全部探测,与位置变化相比,位置不变时,再认正确率更高,反应时更快。(2)左右视野中,位置信息对视觉工作记忆的影响无差异。(3)全部探测时,位置信息对视觉工作记忆的影响不因位置变化是否可以预期而有所不同。(4)位置信息对视觉工作记忆的影响在记忆负荷等于或者大于视觉工作记忆容量4时比较稳定。在记忆负荷远低于视觉工作记忆容量(2项目)时,位置信息对视觉工作记忆的影响不稳定,会因为具体实验任务、实验条件的不同而产生差异。(5)位置信息对视觉工作记忆的影响和单纯的空间记忆广度不存在相关。
[Abstract]:In real life, in order to guide the behavior of the object, individuals must integrate the feature information with the location information, that is, the object-location binding. The theoretical study also emphasizes the role of location information in visual working memory. Location information is used as the basis for separating objects in the stage of perception and memory and as a clue for identifying objects in the recognition stage. In previous studies, the influence of location information on visual working memory is mostly investigated by single detection, and the recognition of a single object is affected by location information, while the whole detection is adopted in this paper. Whether the working memory of multiple objects presented at the same time is affected by the location information will be different according to the predictability of the visual field and the location change. In experiment 1, three factors (memory subset: 2 / 4) 脳 2 (detection mode: single detection, total detection) 脳 2 (recognition position: position invariant, position change) were used. In experiment 2, the factor of visual field was added on the basis of experiment 1. The subjects were asked to remember only the objects of one side of the visual field. The subjects were asked to remember only the objects of one side of the visual field. The subjects were asked to use 3 (memory subset: 2: 4 items) 脳 2 (detection mode: single detection). Total detection) 脳 2 (recognition position: position invariant, position change) 脳 2 (field of vision: left, right) four factors in the design. In experiment 1 and experiment 2, the color block always appears in a fixed position, and the change of position can be expected. Experiment 3 adjusts on the basis of experiment 1. When the position changes, the position of the color block is random. In experiment 3, only total detection was used, and two factors (memory subset: 2 / 4, item 6) 脳 2 (recognition position: position invariant, position change) were used. From experiment 1 to experiment 3, it was recognized that the position condition was balanced among the subtasks, and the subjects knew clearly whether the corresponding position was needed in the next task. In experiment 4, the recognition position was balanced within the block, and the subjects were not aware of the change in the position of the sequence in the next test. The uniform instruction was used to determine whether all the colors of the memory sequence and the detection sequence were the same or not. As in experiment 3, two factors (memory subset size: 2 items, 4 items and 6 items) 脳 2 (recognition position: position invariant, position change) were used. In addition, in each experiment, the subjects completed a spatial working memory span test after completing the visual working memory task. The results show that the influence of location information on visual working memory is different due to different detection methods. Single detection, recognition position has no effect on the memory accuracy, and the reaction time is slower when the position is fixed than when the position changes. All detection, compared with the change of position, when the position is invariant, the recognition accuracy is higher and the reaction time is faster. 2) in the visual field, there is no difference in the effect of position information on visual working memory. The influence of location information on visual working memory is not different depending on whether the change of location can be expected.) the effect of location information on visual working memory is stable when the memory load is equal to or greater than the capacity of visual working memory. When the memory load is much lower than the visual working memory capacity, the influence of the location information on the visual working memory is unstable because of the specific experimental tasks. The effect of location information on visual working memory is not related to spatial memory span.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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