晚习得、非均衡双语者认知优势及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 22:47

本文选题：晚习得、非均衡双语者 + 双语认知优势　；参考：《山西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,双语者的认知优势引起了研究者的广泛关注,有研究发现双语者在抑制、监控和切换等执行控制成分中存在优势。以往研究大多选取早习得、均衡双语者为研究对象,而晚习得、非均衡双语者也是双语群体的一部分,并占有相当大比例。因此本研究欲对晚习得、非均衡双语者进行研究。本研究选取了39名汉语单语者和35名晚习得、非均衡双语者。研究采用Simon任务、ANT任务(Attention Network Task)和颜色-形状切换任务分别考察单、双语者在抑制、监控和切换成分上的差异,每种任务都分别设置了简单和复杂两种难度。研究结果显示:(1)在Simon任务中,难度和一致性主效应显著,语言主效应不显著,Simon效应的组间差异不显著。但双语者在复杂任务中的Simon效应显著小于简单任务;(2)在ANT任务中,简单条件下,一致性主效应显著,语言和难度主效应,以及ANT效应的组间差异不显著。复杂条件下,一致性和语言主效应显著,难度主效应和ANT效应的组间差异不显著,在总体反应时上单语者显著快于双语者;(3)在颜色—形状切换任务中,试次和线索(难度)主效应显著,语言主效应不显著。切换成本的组间差异显著,双语者的切换成本显著小于单语者。混合成本的组间差异不显著。因此本研究得出以下结论:(1)晚习得、非均衡双语者存在执行控制优势,这种优势表现在完成Simon任务和颜色-形状切换任务时。因此,晚习得、非均衡双语者的认知优势并不是在执行控制的所有成分中都有表现。(2)任务难度会影响晚习得、非均衡双语者的执行控制功能,他们在任务难度较高的条件下更容易表现出认知优势。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the cognitive advantages of bilinguals have attracted wide attention of researchers. Some studies have found that bilinguals have advantages in executive control components such as inhibition, monitoring and switching. Most previous studies have focused on early acquisition and balanced bilingualism, while late acquisition, disequilibrium bilingualism is also part of the bilingual population and accounts for a large proportion. Therefore, this study is intended to study late-acquired, non-balanced bilinguals. In this study, 39 monolinguals and 35 late-acquired, unbalanced bilinguals were selected. In this study, Attention task and color-shape task were used to examine the differences in suppression, monitoring and switching components. Each task was simple and complex. The results showed that: (1) in Simon's task, the main effects of difficulty and consistency were significant, but the differences between groups of Simon effect were not significant. However, the Simon effect in complex tasks was significantly lower than that in simple tasks; (2) in ant tasks, the consistency effect was significant, language and difficulty effects, and ant effects were not significantly different among groups. Under complex conditions, consistency and linguistic effects were significant, but there were no significant differences between groups of difficulty and ant effects. Monolinguals were significantly faster than bilinguals in overall response time. (3) in color-shape switching tasks, The main effect of test and clue (difficulty) is significant, but the main effect of language is not significant. The switching cost was significantly different between groups, and the switching cost of bilinguals was significantly lower than that of monolinguals. There was no significant difference between the mixed cost groups. Therefore, this study draws the following conclusions: (1) in late acquisition, unbalanced bilinguals have executive control advantages, which are manifested in the completion of Simon tasks and color-shape switching tasks. Therefore, the cognitive advantage of late acquisition and unbalanced bilinguals is not shown in all components of executive control. (2) the difficulty of task will affect the executive control function of late acquisition and unbalanced bilinguals. They are more likely to show cognitive advantages when the task is more difficult.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.1

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