榜样人物特征与性别对自我—他人择偶复制的影响

发布时间：2018-06-22 14:18

本文选题：榜样人物 + 决策者角色　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：择偶复制是指个体在进行择偶决策时,自己的择偶偏好会受到同性别他人择偶偏好的影响,是一种依靠社会信息进行择偶的适应性策略。择偶复制是择偶决策领域研究的一个全新视角,这一领域的研究已经引起包括进化心理学家在内的诸多研究者的关注,也产生了一些成果,但是还基本处于起始阶段。通过分析以往的文献发现,多数研究只关注自我择偶复制现象,但择偶复制作为一种利用社会信息进行决策的现象,决策者不仅会关注自身对潜在配偶的评价,更多地会受到来自同性别他人(即榜样人物)的影响。同时,先前的研究往往只关注对自我择偶复制的探讨,而忽视了人类还可能为他人进行择偶复制建议或者直接为他人择偶复制的问题。正是基于以往研究中存在的问题,本研究引入榜样人物特征和决策者角色这两个变量来探讨榜样人物和决策者角色对择偶复制的影响,并进一步探究是否存在性别差异问题。本研究共设计两个实验来考察上述问题。实验一探究有无榜样人物、决策者角色以及性别对择偶复制的影响。实验二在实验一的基础上,将榜样人物特征具体化,探讨榜样人物特征(数量与质量)、决策者角色以及性别对择偶复制的影响。本研究的结论如下:(1)存在择偶复制效应,并且具有性别差异。对男性来说,无榜样人物的择偶复制效应显著大于有榜样人物的择偶复制效应,也就是说男性会刻意避免选择已被其他男性选择过的女性作为潜在配偶;对女性来说,有榜样人物的择偶复制效应显著大于无榜样人物的择偶复制效应,也就是被其他女性选择过的男性会得到更多女性的青睐。(2)榜样人物特征影响择偶复制,并且具有性别差异。对男性来说,不论榜样人物质量高低,一个榜样人物的择偶复制效应显著大于三个榜样人物的择偶复制效应显著大于五个榜样人物的择偶复制效应。对女性来说,不论榜样人物质量高低,一个、三个、五个榜样人物间的择偶复制效应无显著差异,说明择偶复制在女性中的存在具有广泛性与稳定性。(3)决策者角色与榜样人物特征交互影响择偶复制。当个体为陌生他人决策时,会更加关注核心的、整体的特征,择偶复制效应较小,并且更加偏好高价值-低可行性的选择,更加重注榜样人物的质量;当个体为自己与为亲密他人决策时,会更加关注次要的、细节的特征,择偶复制效应较大,并且更加偏好高可行性-低价值的选择,更加注重榜样人物的数量。
[Abstract]:Mate selection replication is a kind of adaptive strategy which relies on social information to select a mate, which is influenced by the mate preference of other people of the same sex when an individual makes a mate choice decision. Mate selection replication is a new perspective in the field of mate decision making. The research in this field has attracted the attention of many researchers, including evolutionary psychologists, and has also produced some results, but it is still in the initial stage. Through the analysis of the previous literature, it is found that most studies only focus on the phenomenon of self-selection replication, but as a phenomenon of making decisions using social information, decision makers not only pay attention to their own evaluation of potential spouses. More likely to be influenced by others of the same sex (that is, role models). At the same time, previous studies tend to focus on self-selection replication, ignoring the possibility that human beings may suggest mate selection for others or copy directly for others. Based on the problems in previous studies, this study introduces the role of role models and role of decision makers to explore the role of role models and decision makers on the role of mate replication, and further explore whether there are gender differences. In this study, two experiments were designed to investigate the above problems. Experiment 1 explores the influence of role models, role of decision makers and gender on mate selection replication. On the basis of experiment 1, experiment 2 concretized the characteristics of role models, and discussed the influence of the role of decision makers and gender on the replication of mate selection, including the characteristics of role models (quantity and quality), the role of decision makers and gender. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) there is a mate-selective replication effect, and there are gender differences. For men, the replication effect of non-role models is significantly greater than that of role models, meaning that men deliberately avoid choosing women who have been selected by other men as potential spouses; for women, The replication effect of the character with role model is significantly greater than that of the character without role model, that is, the male who has been selected by other women will be favored by more women. (2) the character of model character affects the replication of mate, and there is a gender difference. For men, regardless of the quality of role models, the effect of mate selection replication of one role model character is significantly greater than that of three role model characters than that of five role models. For women, regardless of the quality of role models, one, three and five role models have no significant difference in the effect of mate selection. It shows that the existence of mate selection replication in women is extensive and stable. (3) the roles of decision makers and role models interact with each other to influence mate selection replication. When individuals make decisions for strangers, they will pay more attention to the core, overall characteristics, less effect of mate selection, and more preference for the choice of high value and low feasibility, which will increase the quality of role models. When individuals make decisions for themselves and for close others, they will pay more attention to the characteristics of minor details, the greater the effect of mate selection, and the preference for high-feasibility, low-value choices, and more attention to the number of role models.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】