利他程度与道德评价的负向关系：权力的调节效应

发布时间：2018-06-25 06:55

本文选题：利他水平 + 第三方评价　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前对第三方评价研究主要涉及自利行为如第三方惩罚和补偿,而较少涉及对利他行为的评价。不仅如此,对于利他行为的第三方评价研究主要关注第三方对个体从事利他行为与否的评价,而忽略了对不同利他水平的利他者评价。基于此,本研究以利他行为为切入点,探讨在不同利他水平下,第三方对利他者的道德评价及其机制。在此基础上,研究还将权力关系引入第三方评价研究中,探讨权力对个体利他行为和第三方评价关系中的调节作用及其可能机制。研究一包括3项实验,分别在资源获取和损失情境中探讨了不同水平的利他行为(公平、轻度/中度/高度利他)与第三方对个体道德评价的关系。研究发现,利他程度与第三方对利他者的道德评价之间存在负向关系,随着利他程度的上升,第三方对利他者的道德评价呈逐步下降趋势。研究一还发现,第三方感知的印象管理动机是该现象的中介机制,个体利他程度的上升导致第三方感知到更高水平的印象管理动机,从而降低了个体对其的道德评价。研究二包括3项实验,探讨在不同权力关系下,利他水平与第三方对个体道德评价之间的关系。实验2a和2b分别在资源获取和损失情境下发现,权力对利他评价的下降趋势存在缓冲效应,随着利他水平的提高,第三方对高权者的道德评价优于平权者。研究2c进一步探讨了权力距离在利他水平与第三方道德评价关系中的调节作用。研究发现,权力距离和权力的交互作用显著,权力距离水平低的个体对高权力利他者的道德评价优于平权力者,而权力距离水平高的被试对高权者和平权者利他行为的道德评价差异不显著。本研究表明,利他与第三方对利他者的道德评价之间存在负向关系,且感知的印象管理动机在二者关系中起中介作用。此外,权力缓冲了第三方对个体利他行为的评价逐步下降的趋势,且这一效应受到评价者的权力距离的反向调节。最后探讨了本研究的价值、不足以及未来的发展方向。
[Abstract]:At present, the research on third party evaluation mainly involves self-interest, such as punishment and compensation of third party, but less on evaluation of altruistic behavior. Moreover, the third party evaluation of altruistic behavior focuses on the third party's evaluation of individual altruistic behavior, while neglecting the altruistic evaluation of different altruistic levels. Based on this, this study explores the moral evaluation and mechanism of altruism by third parties at different altruistic levels. On this basis, the study also introduces the power relationship into the third-party evaluation study, and discusses the regulatory role of power in individual altruistic behavior and third-party evaluation relationship and its possible mechanism. In the first study, three experiments were conducted to explore the relationship between different levels of altruistic behavior (fair, mild / moderate / high altruism) and individual moral evaluation by third parties in resource acquisition and loss scenarios. It is found that there is a negative relationship between the degree of altruism and the moral evaluation of altruists by third parties. With the increase of altruistic degree, the moral evaluation of altruists by third parties gradually decreases. The first study also found that the third party perception of impression management motivation is the intermediary mechanism of this phenomenon. The rise of individual altruism leads to the third party perception of a higher level of impression management motivation which reduces the individual moral evaluation. The second study includes three experiments to explore the relationship between altruistic level and individual moral evaluation by third parties under different power relations. Experiment 2a and 2b found that there was a buffer effect on the downward trend of altruistic evaluation by power under the situation of resource acquisition and loss respectively. With the increase of altruism level, the third party's moral evaluation of the high power was superior to that of the equal. Study 2C further explores the role of power distance in the relationship between altruism and third party moral evaluation. It is found that the interaction between power distance and power is significant, and that individuals with low power distance level have better moral evaluation of high-power altruists than those with equal power. However, there was no significant difference in the moral evaluation of altruistic behavior of those with higher power distance. This study shows that there is a negative relationship between altruism and the third party's moral evaluation of altruism, and perceived impression management motivation plays an intermediary role in the relationship. In addition, power buffers the downward trend of the third party's evaluation of individual altruistic behavior, and this effect is reversed by the power distance of the evaluator. Finally, the value, deficiency and future development of this study are discussed.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

【参考文献】