社会认知基本维度对群际威胁感知的影响

发布时间：2018-06-25 19:51

本文选题：表达性 + 能动性　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会认知的两大基本维度包括表达性和能动性,是认知个体和群体的两个重要内容。这两个维度反映了人类自古以来面临的两个核心挑战,表达性特质关于社会接纳与社会联系,对于生存至关重要;能动性特质关于自己的技能、竞争力和追求的目标,利于获得机会。两者是以认知内容组织为核心,以阐释社会认知的过程和结果为目的的重要主题领域,而现实威胁是对外群体感知的重要认知结果,所以表达性和能动性特质在理论上能够对现实威胁感产生影响。以往研究认为,在个体感知中,感知他人时表达性特质优先于能动性特质,而在感知自己时能动性特质起到主导作用。由于群体感知与个体感知并不完全相同,且表达性和能动性特质在群体感知中起到的作用存在不同结果,所以两大社会认知基本维度对群体感知的影响仍需要进一步研究。整合群际威胁理论认为群际关系、环境因素和文化维度是影响外群体威胁感知的前因变量。其中情境因素中的群际互动、文化维度中外群体的文化特点等,与表达性特质相关;群际关系中的相对权力、文化维度中对权力地位的观点等,与能动性特质相关,由此判断社会认知基本维度可能对现实威胁感知产生影响。信息收集是社会认知的重要组成部分,也是进行现实威胁认知判断的前提。以社会认知基本维度的二元分类为基本框架作为信息收集的基础,通过评价判断现实威胁所需要收集的表达性和能动性特质信息的重要程度,从另一个角度探究社会认知基本维度对现实威胁感知的影响。本研究通过3个研究探讨外群体的表达性和能动性特质在现实威胁感知中的作用,对威胁感的判断和信息收集的影响。预实验通过开放性题目调查被试所知的社会群体,得到研究1所需要的社会阶层的代表性群体和大众熟知群体。研究1采用问卷法调查被试对预实验得到的不同社会阶层代表性群体和大众熟知群体的评价,包括这些群体的表达性特质、能动性特质和现实威胁感。被试来自不同的社会阶层以平衡地位对外群体特质感知的影响。从群体和个体两个角度对数据进行分析,结果发现表达性和能动性特质都能预测现实威胁感,但是作用不同,当外群体的表达性特质越低,能动性特质越高时,对其威胁感知越强烈。研究2采用最简群体范式,通过实验方法操纵外群体的表达性和能动性特质,探讨被试对外群体现实威胁感知的影响。结果发现外群体的表达性和能动性特质对现实威胁感知的主效应均显著。刻板印象内容模型认为通过表达性特质判断他人是否有意图构成伤害,低表达性特质的外群体更容易有伤害的意图。能动性特质能够预测社会经济地位和权力,所以高能动性特质的群体更容易引发现实威胁。研究1和研究2的结果说明,表达性和能动性特质均对外群体的现实威胁感知产生重要影响。研究3从群际感知的信息收集角度探究当被试判断外群体是否构成威胁时,对表达性和能动性特质信息的收集程度。被试首先完成对西南大学的群体认同问卷,阅读一份外群体成员的材料后完成不同感知目标下的特质词评价任务,感知目标包括现实威胁、象征威胁和整体印象形成。实验结果表明对现实威胁感知时能动性信息的收集更重要,并且在现实威胁情景下能动性信息的收集比另两种情景更重要。研究3结果说明,在感知现实威胁的信息收集阶段,外群体表达性和能动性特质信息均是重要的加工信息,并且威胁情景下对能动性信息收集更多。本研究证明了外群体社会认知基本维度在现实威胁判断和信息收集过程中起到的重要作用。在对外群体的现实威胁感知判断中,外群体的表达性和能动性特质均产生影响且方向相反,表达性特质越高对其现实威胁感知越弱,能动性特质越高对其现实威胁感知越强。
[Abstract]:The two basic dimensions of social cognition include expressiveness and activism, which are the two important contents of cognitive individuals and groups. These two dimensions reflect the two core challenges that human beings have faced since ancient times. The expressive characteristics of social acceptance and social connection, the vital importance of survival, and the competitiveness of the dynamic characteristics of their own skills and competitiveness. And the goal of pursuit is beneficial to the opportunity. Both are the important subject areas with cognitive content organization as the core, to explain the process and result of social cognition, and the real threat is an important cognitive result of external group perception, so the expressiveness and activism can affect the realistic sense of threat in the past. It is believed that in individual perception, the expressive trait of perceiving others is preferable to the activity trait, while the activity trait plays a dominant role in perceiving itself. As group perception is not exactly the same as individual perception, the role of expressiveness and activism in group perception has different results, so two social cognition The impact of the basic dimension on group perception still needs to be further studied. The intergroup threat theory believes that intergroup relations, environmental factors and cultural dimensions are the antecedents affecting the perception of external group threat. Among them, intergroup interaction in situational factors, cultural dimensions of Chinese and foreign groups in cultural dimensions and so on are related to expressive characteristics; The relative power, the view of the status of power in the cultural dimension and so on, related to the dynamic character, thus judging the basic dimension of social cognition may have an impact on the real threat perception. Information collection is an important part of social cognition, and is also the prerequisite for the cognitive judgment of the real threat. The two yuan classification of the basic social cognition dimension is classified. The basic framework, as the basis for information collection, explores the impact of the basic dimensions of social cognition on real threat perception from another perspective by evaluating the importance of the expressiveness and activeness information needed to be collected to judge a realistic threat. This study explores the expressiveness and dynamic characteristics of external groups in reality through 3 studies. The effect of threat perception, on the judgment of the sense of threat and the influence of the information collection. The pre experiment, through an open question, investigates the social groups known by the subjects, and obtains the representative and popular groups of social strata that are needed in the study of 1. The study 1 uses a questionnaire to investigate the representative groups of different social strata obtained by the pre experiment. The evaluation of the body and the public is well known, including the expressiveness, the dynamic trait and the real threat of these groups. The subjects come from different social strata to balance the influence of the perception of external group traits. The analysis of the data from two angles of the group and the individual results in the results that the expressiveness and the dynamic characteristics can predict the reality. Stress, but the effect is different, when the expressive trait of the outside group is lower, the higher the activity trait is, the stronger the perceived threat is. Study 2 uses the simplest group paradigm to manipulate the expressiveness and activity characteristics of the external population through the experimental method, and explore the influence of the perceived threat of external groups. The stereotype content model holds that the external group of the low expressive trait is more likely to have harmful intentions. The dynamic trait can predict the social and economic position and power, so the group of high dynamic traits can be used as a group. The results of study 1 and Study 2 show that both expressiveness and activism have important effects on the perceived threat perception of external groups. From the perspective of intergroup perception information collection, study 3 explores the degree of collection of expressiveness and dynamic trait information when the subjects are judged to be a threat to the external group. First complete the group identification questionnaire to Southwestern University, read a group of outside group members and complete the evaluation task of idiosyncratic words under different perceived goals. The perception targets include the real threat, the symbolic threat and the overall impression. The experimental results show that the collection of dynamic information is more important and the real threat is in the real threat. The collection of dynamic information is more important than the other two scenarios. Study 3 shows that in the information gathering stage of perceived realistic threats, the expressiveness and dynamic characteristics of external groups are important processing information, and more of the activity information is collected under the threat scenario. This study proves the basic dimension of social cognition of the external group. In the realistic threat judgment and information collection process, the expressiveness and activity trait of the external group are all affected and the direction is opposite in the real threat perception judgment of the external group. The higher the expressive trait is, the weaker the perceived threat is, the higher the higher the dynamic character is, the stronger the perceived threat to the real threat.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

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