自控资源有限性的个体差异及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 23:02

本文选题：自我控制 + 资源有限性　；参考：《闽南师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：有限自控力理论认为个体执行自我控制会消耗数量有限的自我控制资源，这种资源持续使用会暂时下降并造成后续自控能力的不足，这被称为自我损耗效应。冲动行为、人际交互、决策和判断、情绪和认知等领域的大量研究都证明了自我损耗效应。自控资源的有限性可以很好地解释自控行为的失败，但最近研究表明人格、情绪、动机以及自我控制训练等都会影响状态或特质自我控制能量。动机是自我控制的基本成分之一，，自主动机对自我损耗效应起着重要的调节作用。有研究者提出自控资源存在个体差异，这在现实情境和前人的研究中都得到了部分证实，但目前研究成果并不一致。因此本研究就自我控制的资源模型进行更深入的研究，主要探讨自控资源是否存在个体差异，以及这种个体差异性的影响因素。研究采用双任务研究范式，研究一通过Stroop引发高低两种自我损耗情境，比较了不同自控水平的被试在瑞文图形推理任务上的坚持时间差异。研究二以特质自控得分作为自控资源的间接指标，考察了心理弹性、问题解决能力、体质及自我效能感对自控资源的影响。研究三通过引发自主和受控两种情境，考察了不同自控水平的个体在自主和受控情境下的自我损耗效应。研究结果表明：（1）自我损耗状态下，高自控比低自控的被试在图形推理上坚持了更长的时间，高自控的个体在推理任务中的自主动机更高；（2）完成自我损耗任务时，不同自控水平的被试在SDNN、RMSSD和PNN50上也存在显著差异；（3）回避风格、力量、冲动疏忽解决问题倾向和正性解决问题定向这四个维度可以解释自控力35%的变异，其中回避风格的贡献率最大；（4）平和质比偏颇质的被试拥有更多的自控资源；（5）无论是高自控者还是低自控的被试，激发他们的自主动机都可以有效地减轻自我损耗效应，但在受控情境中，高、低自控者都出现了自我损耗效应。
[Abstract]:According to the theory of limited self-control, individual self-control will consume a limited number of self-control resources, which will temporarily decrease and lead to the deficiency of subsequent self-control ability, which is called self-depletion effect. A great deal of research in the fields of impulsive behavior, interpersonal interaction, decision making and judgment, emotion and cognition has proved the effect of self-depletion. The limitation of self-control resources can well explain the failure of self-control behavior, but recent studies have shown that personality, emotion, motivation and self-control training can all influence the self-control energy of state or trait. Motivation is one of the basic components of self-control. Autonomous motivation plays an important role in regulating self-loss. Some researchers have proposed that there are individual differences in self-control resources, which has been partly confirmed in the actual situation and previous studies, but the current research results are not consistent. Therefore, this study makes a more in-depth study on the self-control resource model, mainly discusses whether there are individual differences in self-controlled resources and the influencing factors of such individual differences. In this study, a two-tasking paradigm was used to study two kinds of self-loss situations induced by Stroop, and to compare the persistence time differences of subjects with different levels of self-control in the task of Raven graphical reasoning. In the second study, trait self-control score was taken as the indirect index of self-control resources, and the effects of psychological flexibility, problem-solving ability, physique and self-efficacy on self-control resources were investigated. The third study examined the self-loss effects of individuals with different levels of self-control in autonomous and controlled situations by inducing autonomy and control. The results showed that: (1) under the condition of self-loss, the subjects with high self-control had a longer time of graphical reasoning than those with low self-control, and individuals with high self-control had higher autonomous motivation in reasoning tasks; (2) when completing self-loss tasks, There were also significant differences in SDNNs RMSSD and PNN50 among subjects with different levels of self-control. (3) the four dimensions of avoidance style, strength, impulsive and negligent problem-solving tendency and positive problem-solving orientation could explain the 35% variation of self-control. Among them, avoidance style contributed the most; (4) mild quality subjects had more self-control resources than biased subjects; (5) whether high or low self-control subjects, stimulating their autonomous motivation can effectively reduce the self-loss effect. But in the controlled situation, high and low self-control all appeared self-depletion effect.
【学位授予单位】：闽南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848

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