奎因行为主义的发展

发布时间：2018-07-03 02:30

  本文选题：行为主义 + 证据　； 参考：《哲学分析》2017年03期

【摘要】：奎因从早年起就主张一种行为主义,但这种行为主义必须通过分析语言、感觉材料、刺激与被刺激等概念来理解。对奎因而言,语言理解与翻译的问题集中反映了这些概念之间的交合关系。语言是一种社交性的技能,为了获得这种技能,我们不能不完全依赖于主体间通用的提示我们要说什么和什么时候说的信号。除了通过人们对社会交际中可见刺激的明显反应倾向,我们也不能以任何根据去核对语言的意义。奎因认为,从简单的交流到复杂的理解,体现出理论与意义的交互作用具有越来越高的普遍性,我们直接感知到的总是有意义构造的各种整体,它们只有在共同认知与理解的意义上才能被视为行为证据。个体性并不是认知的出发点,我们恰恰必须基于共同体的一致性才能给出个体化的确认。
[Abstract]:Quinn advocated a behaviorism from an early age, but this behaviorism must be understood by analyzing the concepts of language, sensory material, stimulation and being stimulated. For Quinn, the problem of language understanding and translation reflects the intersection of these concepts. Language is a social skill, and in order to acquire it, we have to rely entirely on the common cues between the subjects about what to say and when to say it. We cannot check the meaning of language against any basis other than the apparent tendency of people to react to stimuli seen in social communication. Quinn believes that, from simple communication to complex understanding, the interaction between theory and meaning is becoming more and more universal. They can only be regarded as evidence of behavior in the sense of common cognition and understanding. Individuality is not the starting point of cognition.
【作者单位】： 挪威奥斯陆大学哲学系;上海社会科学院哲学研究所;
【分类号】：B84-063
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本文编号：2091987