动机相关的情绪性信息对注意偏向的影响

发布时间：2018-07-04 08:06

本文选题：注意偏向 + 动机相关性　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：个体所处的环境中充斥着不同的刺激。相对于中性刺激,具有生态意义的情绪性刺激更能吸引和占用注意资源,得到快速有效的加工,这称为情绪性信息的注意偏向。快速探测到环境中的潜在危险和具有奖赏性的情绪刺激对个体而言是非常重要的适应性行为。根据前人研究,负性威胁刺激和正性与生存发展有关的刺激都能引起个体的注意偏向。但是引起注意偏向的关键因素是什么,依然存在争议。本研究从情绪的评价理论和动机维度模型的角度对其进行解释,认为和个体的动机具有高度相关的刺激都可以引起注意偏向。本研究包括两部分:研究一在平衡了唤醒度的基础上,基于动机维度模型将正、负性刺激分为高动机相关和低动机相关的正、负性刺激,运用点探测范式考察动机相关性对注意偏向的影响。结果发现无论在正性刺激组还是负性刺激组,当高动机相关的刺激呈现时,被试均表现为对有效试次的反应显著快于无效试次。研究二旨在探究这一注意偏向的来源是注意定向加速还是脱离困难。由于情绪性刺激的属性、刺激呈现时间的不同,该结论仍存在较大分歧。较长SOA下个体可能由于眼动掩盖注意偏向效应,因此本研究选用200ms的线索呈现时间,使用点探测范式的变式进行实验。实验二a选用具有初级奖赏性质的食物图片和生物相关的威胁性图片;实验二b选取具有次级奖赏性的奖励刺激和与惩罚联结的威胁刺激,分别探讨情绪性信息的动机相关性对注意偏向成分机制的影响。结果发现,被试的有效试次均快于无效试次,且动机相关情绪刺激的DI分数显著大于0,而OI分数没有显著差异。本研究所得的结论如下:(1)无论正性刺激还是负性刺激,被试对高动机相关的情绪性刺激表现出注意偏向,对低动机相关的情绪性刺激未表现出注意偏向。结果支持了情绪的认知评价理论和动机维度模型,认为个体产生注意偏向的原因是对具有动机相关的情绪性信息具有加工优势。(2)在SOA为200ms的条件下,被试对具有动机相关性的情绪图片刺激和与奖惩联结的条件化情绪刺激的注意偏向均是由注意的脱离困难引起的,两种材料对注意偏向的成分机制的作用具有一致性。
[Abstract]:The environment in which the individual is located is full of different stimuli. Relative to neutral stimuli, an emotional stimulus with ecological significance can attract and occupy attention resources and obtain rapid and effective processing. This is called the attention bias of emotional information. The rapid detection of potential hazards in the environment and rewarding emotional stimuli are for the individual. It is very important for adaptive behavior. According to previous studies, negative threat stimuli and positive stimuli related to survival and development can cause individual attention bias. But the key factor that causes attention bias is still controversial. This study explains it from the perspective of the theory of emotional evaluation and the model of motivation dimension. This study includes two parts: on the basis of the balance of arousal, based on the motivation dimension model, positive, negative stimuli are divided into positive and negative stimuli related to high motivation correlation and low motivation, and the point detection paradigm is used to examine motivation relevance to attention bias. The results showed that both in the positive and negative stimuli groups, when the stimuli related to the high motivation were presented, the subjects showed a significantly faster response to the effective test than in the ineffective test. Two the study was aimed at exploring the source of the attention bias, whether to pay attention to orientation acceleration or to be out of difficulty. There are still great differences in the time of exciting presentation, and there is still a great difference in this conclusion. In the long SOA, the individual may cover the bias effect due to eye movement. Therefore, this study selects the clues of 200ms to present the time, using the variant form of the point detection paradigm to carry out the experiment. Experiment two a selects the food pictures with the primary reward nature and the biologically related threat pictures; Experiment two B selected the reward stimulation with secondary reward and the threat stimulation with the combination of punishment. The effect of motivation correlation on the attention bias component mechanism was investigated respectively. The results showed that the effective test times of the subjects were faster than that of the invalid test, and the DI scores of motivation related emotional stimuli were significantly greater than 0, while the OI score was not significant. The results of the study were as follows: (1) whether positive or negative stimuli, the subjects showed attention bias to the emotional stimuli related to high motivation, and did not show attention bias to the emotional stimuli related to low motivation. The reason is that it has a processing advantage for emotional information related to motivation. (2) under the condition of SOA 200ms, the attentional bias of the conditioned emotional stimuli with motivation related stimuli and rewards and punishments are caused by attention disengagement, and the effect of the two materials on the attention bias component mechanism. It is consistent.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

【相似文献】