不同类型自恋者的注意偏向

发布时间：2018-07-06 09:04

本文选题：显性自恋 + 隐性自恋　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：先前多数研究表明,不同的群体对同一信息或同一个体对不同信息的注意偏向均存在着较大差异,而这种有差异的注意偏向对个体来说具有积极的适应意义,它不仅有利于人们的生存和自身发展,也是个体生活的基本需要,适应着现代复杂的信息世界。在本研究中,我们选择了近期研究比较热的一个人格变量—自恋,这个具有过度积极和自信的人格特质在认知方面存在什么样的偏差呢?这个充满感情色彩和神奇魅力的人格又具有什么样的注意偏向特点呢?以往关于自恋的研究大致分为两条主线,一是针对自恋人格本身的研究,如这种人格的适应性特点、自恋者的主观幸福感、自恋者的自尊等；一是针对自恋者行为特点的研究,如攻击行为、决策行为、注意行为和记忆扭曲行为等。而本研究就是沿着第二条主线展开,探讨自恋者在不同信息上的注意偏向有何特点。如对自恋者来说,他们更容易注意到什么样的信息或者更容易忽略什么样的信息呢?这种注意偏向的背后究竟会隐藏着什么样的注意机制呢? 本研究从显性自恋和隐性自恋的角度出发,共有两个实验组成。实验一根据被试在显性和隐性自恋人格问卷上的得分对被试进行自恋水平高低组的划分,高水平组为高自恋组,低水平组为低自恋组,同时采用情绪Stroop任务考查了58名大学生对积极词、消极词和中性词的注意偏向。实验一假设高显性自恋者会对积极词产生注意偏向,高隐性自恋者会对消极词表现出注意偏向。结果发现,高显性自恋者对积极词汇表现出明显的注意偏向,命名积极词汇的反应时明显长于命名中性词和消极词汇的反应时,即在积极词上受到了更多的情绪干扰；而高隐性自恋者则对消极词产生了注意偏向,命名消极词的反应时明显长于中性词和积极词,即在消极词上均产生了更大的情绪干扰。实验二在实验一的基础上,采用图片实验材料,进一步采用空间线索任务范式对92名大学生就不同图片类型的注意偏向及其机制进行了研究。实验二假设高显性自恋者会对积极图片表现出明显的注意偏向,高隐性自恋者会对消极图片表现出明显的注意倾向。结果发现,高显性自恋者对积极图片表现出明显的注意偏向,产生了对积极图片的警觉和显著的脱离困难；而高隐性自恋组则表现出对消极图片的注意偏向,对消极图片产生了回避倾向。本研究较系统的考察了两种类型自恋者对不同情绪信息的注意偏向特点及其行为背后所隐藏的注意机制,拓宽了关于自恋认知方面的研究,为后期有针对性的对高自恋者或者低自恋者注意偏向进行科学训练提供了理论依据。
[Abstract]:Most previous studies have shown that there are significant differences in the attention bias of different groups to the same information or the same individual to different information, and this different attention bias has positive adaptive significance to the individual. It is not only conducive to the survival and development of people, but also the basic needs of individual life, adapting to the modern complex information world. In this study, we chose narcissism, one of the most popular personality variables in recent studies. What is the cognitive bias in this personality trait, which is overactive and confident? What kind of attention does this personality, which is full of emotional color and magical charm, have? Previous studies on narcissism have been divided into two main lines, one is the study of narcissistic personality itself, such as the adaptive characteristics of this personality, the subjective well-being of narcissists, the self-esteem of narcissists, and the other is the study of the behavioral characteristics of narcissists. Such as aggressive behavior, decision-making behavior, attention behavior and memory distortion behavior and so on. This study was carried out along the second main line to explore the characteristics of narcissistic attention bias in different information. For example, for narcissists, what kind of information are more likely to be noticed or ignored by narcissists? What kind of attention mechanism is hidden behind this kind of attention bias? From the perspective of explicit narcissism and recessive narcissism, this study consists of two experiments. In experiment one, according to the scores of explicit and recessive narcissism personality questionnaire, the subjects were divided into high and low narcissism groups. The high level group was high narcissism group, the low level group was low narcissism group. At the same time, the emotional Stroop task was used to examine 58 college students' attention bias to positive, negative and neutral words. Experiment one assumes that high dominant narcissists will show attention bias to positive words, and high recessive narcissists will show attention bias towards negative words. The results showed that the highly dominant narcissists showed obvious attention bias to positive words, and the reaction time of naming positive words was significantly longer than that of naming neutral words and negative words, that is, there was more emotional interference in positive words. However, the highly recessive narcissists tend to pay attention to negative words, and the reaction time of naming negative words is longer than that of neutral words and positive words, that is, there is more emotional disturbance in negative words. On the basis of experiment 1, the second experiment uses the image experiment material to further study the attention bias and its mechanism of 92 college students on different picture types by using the spatial clue task paradigm. In experiment two, it was assumed that high dominant narcissists would show obvious attention bias towards positive images, and high recessive narcissists would show obvious attention tendencies towards negative images. The results showed that the high-dominant narcissists showed obvious attention bias to the positive images, which resulted in the alertness to the positive images and the difficulty of getting rid of the positive images, while the high recessive narcissism group showed the attention bias to the negative images. There is a tendency to avoid negative images. This study systematically investigated the attention bias characteristics of two types of narcissists to different emotional information and the hidden attention mechanism behind their behavior, and broadened the research on narcissism cognition. It provides a theoretical basis for scientific training of high narcissistic or low narcissistic attention bias.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

【参考文献】