自我期望对创造力影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 17:50

本文选题：创造力 + 期望　；参考：《苏州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：加勒提亚（Galatea）效应提出员工高自我期望水平会使员工产生更高的工作表现。而创造力领域中自我期望转化为个体创造性工作表现的内在历程如何所知甚少，因此本研究专注于自我期望对创造力的影响效应以及过程机制。研究一从创意效能的概念出发，探讨高创意效能者是否能够因其对自我创造力的信心，在期望与创造力关系中起中介作用。研究一采用单因素实验设计。研究对象为75位大学生。自变量是期望，包括高期望、低期望两种水平，再加一个控制组处理。通过提供创造潜能的虚假反馈作为实验处理。中介变量为创意效能，因变量为创造性观点生成能力和创造性问题解决能力。研究二旨在检验调节定向和思考策略两种不同的调节策略在期望与创造力中的调节效应。实验一采用2（期望：高/低）×2（调节定向：促进定向/预防定向）的双因素被试间设计。研究对象为100位大学生。自变量为期望，包括高期望、低期望两种水平。通过指导语诱发。因变量为创造性问题解决能力，采用方案制定任务来测量。调节变量为调节定向，包括促进定向和预防定向，采用任务框架进行实验处理。实验二采用采用2（期望：高/低）×3（思考策略：心理对照/沉溺于现实/沉溺于幻想）的双因素被试间设计。研究对象为150位大学生。自变量为期望，包括高期望、低期望两种水平。通过指导语诱发。因变量为创造性问题解决能力，采用方案制定任务来测量。调节变量为思考策略，包括心理对照、沉溺于现实、沉溺于幻想，通过想象作业进行处理。实验结果归纳如下: 1.期望影响创造力表现。高期望组在发散性思维任务中的表现要显著高于低期望组和控制组。而在顿悟性问题解决任务中，高低期望组和控制组之间差异不显著。 2.创意效能在期望和发散性思维关系中起部分中介作用。 3.调节定向调节期望对创造力的影响。对于促进定向情境中的个体，期望与创造力正相关；对于预防定向情境中的个体，期望与创造力的相关不显著。 4.思考策略正向调节期望对创造力的影响。对于心理对照情境中的个体，期望与创造力正相关；对于沉溺于未来幻想中的个体和反省于现实不利因素中的个体，期望与创造力的相关不显著。最后，本文结合不同的理论对研究结果进行了讨论，，指出研究不足并提出未来展望。
[Abstract]:The Galatea effect suggests that high levels of self-expectation lead to higher performance. However, little is known about how self-expectation translates into individual creative work performance in the field of creativity, so this study focuses on the effect of self-expectation on creativity and its process mechanism. Based on the concept of creative efficacy, the first study explores whether high creative efficacy can play an intermediary role in the relationship between expectation and creativity because of their confidence in self-creativity. In the first study, a single factor experimental design was used. The subjects were 75 college students. Independent variables are expectations, including high expectations, low expectations, and a control group. It is treated as an experiment by providing false feedback of creative potential. The intermediate variable is creative efficiency, and the dependent variable is creative viewpoint generating ability and creative problem solving ability. The purpose of the second study is to test the regulatory effects of two different regulatory strategies, namely, regulatory orientation and thinking strategies, in expectation and creativity. In experiment 1, a two-factor design of two factors (expectation: high / low) 脳 2 (regulating orientation: promoting orientation / preventive orientation) was used. The subjects were 100 college students. The independent variable is expectation, including high expectation and low expectation. Induces by instruction. Dependent variables are creative problem-solving abilities, measured using a program-setting task. Adjusting variable is adjusting orientation, including promoting orientation and preventing orientation. In experiment 2, a two-factor design of 2 (expectation: high / low) 脳 3 (thinking strategy: psychological control / reality / fantasy) was used. The subjects were 150 college students. The independent variable is expectation, including high expectation and low expectation. Induces by instruction. Dependent variables are creative problem-solving abilities, measured using a program-setting task. The adjustment variable is thinking strategy, including psychological contrast, indulging in reality, indulging in fantasy, and dealing with it through imaginative work. The experimental results are summarized as follows: 1. Expectations affect creative performance. The performance of high expectation group in divergent thinking task was significantly higher than that of low expectation group and control group. But in the epiphany problem solving task, the difference between high and low expectation group and control group is not significant. 2. 2. Creative effectiveness plays an intermediary role in the relationship between expectation and divergent thinking. 3. Adjust the effect of directional regulation expectation on creativity. For individuals who promote orientation, expectation is positively related to creativity, while for individuals in preventive orientation, the correlation between expectation and creativity is not significant. 4. Thinking strategies positively regulate the impact of expectations on creativity. For individuals in psychological control situations, expectation is positively related to creativity, while for individuals indulging in futuristic fantasies and those who reflect on the negative factors of reality, the correlation between expectation and creativity is not significant. Finally, this paper discusses the research results based on different theories, points out the deficiency of the research and puts forward the future prospects.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848

【参考文献】