人际威胁情境下依恋与认知负荷对关系趋避目标的影响
发布时间：2018-07-13 15:02
【摘要】：权衡关系趋避目标被认为是亲密关系中一种常见的现象,威胁既会促使个体产生寻求亲近的想法及行为,也会使其产生可能遭到拒绝、受到伤害的相关思考及行为。对亲近目标的寻求会使得个体增加对恋人的依赖性,有时候甚至会忽略被拒绝的可能性,而对拒绝和关系丧失的担忧则会加剧这种依赖感。但当人们更多寻求自我防御的目标时,则会在短期内减少对恋人的依赖性,增加与其之间的距离,从而避免长期关系的丧失。 成人依恋作为个体与重要他人相处过程中形成的特殊情感联结,会影响亲密关系的质量。大量研究表明,安全型依恋风格的个体在恋爱中会体验到更多的正性情绪,对恋人的描述更积极,更倾向于与伴侣进行沟通交流,而不安全依恋个体则倾向于与恋人拉开距离(回避依恋),或过度寻求恋人的支持(焦虑依恋),而这些表现会导致恋爱双方都感到恋爱质量的下降,从而影响个体在恋爱中的满意度和幸福感。同时,依恋理论指出,依恋风格的防御策略可能需要依赖认知资源,施加认知负荷可能会改变个体不良的人际策略,因此,对依恋风格与关系趋避目标之间关系的研究有助于探明不同依恋风格个体在恋爱中的相处模式,为未来关系的改进提供一些指导意见。 目的： 本研究采用问卷法和实验法相结合的方法考察了人际威胁情境下特质性依恋风格以及认知负荷对个体关系趋避目标的影响作用,共包含1个预测试和3个实验研究,预测试通过问卷调查探明了特质性依恋风格和关系趋避目标之间的关系,研究一和研究二分别从内隐目标激活和个体行为意愿角度考察了人际威胁情境下特质性依恋风格对个体关系趋避目标选择的影响,研究三在研究二的基础上,考察了认知负荷在依恋风格与个体关系趋避目标的关系中起到的作用。 方法： 研究一从无意识的层面上,考察了人际威胁情境下,特质性依恋风格对个体关系趋避目标激活的影响；同时验证了回忆书写任务是否能够启动人际威胁。以58名处在恋爱关系中的大学生为被试,首先采用亲密关系经历量表(ECR问卷)测量被试的特质性依恋风格,然后随机分为两组,一组被试通过回忆书写重要他人做过的令自己失望的事情来引起人际威胁,另一组则通过回忆假期的一件事作为中性控制组,最后所有被试完成判断是非词的词汇决策任务。 研究二从真实行为意愿的层面上,考察了恋人威胁情境下个体特质性依恋风格对个体关系趋避目标的影响。以56名处在恋爱关系中的大学生为被试,首先完成ECR和一般关系趋避目标问卷,然后随机分为两组,一组采用与研究一威胁启动组类似的回忆书写任务造成恋人威胁情境,另一组作为中性控制组,然后所有被试完成与关系趋避目标相关的测量(包括对关系趋避目标、亲近感和依赖感的测量)。 研究三在研究二的基础上,加入了认知负荷因素,考察恋人威胁情境下依恋风格对于个体关系趋避目标的影响是否依赖认知资源,是否属于控制加工的过程,以55名处在恋爱关系中的大学生为被试,首先完成ECR和一般关系趋避目标问卷,然后所有被试完成与研究二威胁启动组相同的回忆书写任务造成恋人威胁情境,再将被试随机分为两组,一组是在完成关系趋避目标相关测量时被要求记住并再认9个字母的高认知负荷组,另一组是在完成关系趋避目标相关测量时被要求记住并再认3个字母的低认知负荷组。 结果： 不同依恋风格个体在人际威胁情境下对关系趋避目标词的反应时不同。具体表现为,低依恋焦虑个体在人际威胁情境下对关系趋近目标词的反应更快；高依恋回避个体在人际威胁情境下对自我防御目标词的反应更快。 不同依恋风格个体在恋人威胁情境下对关系趋避目标的影响不同。具体表现为,高依恋回避个体在恋人威胁情境下对自我防御目标的寻求更强；低依恋焦虑个体在人际威胁情境下的依赖感水平更高。 恋人威胁情境下,认知负荷影响了依恋风格对关系趋避目标的影响作用。具体表现为,恋人威胁情境下,高依恋回避个体会倾向于选择自我防御目标,降低对关系趋近目标、亲近感和依赖感的寻求,但在高认知负荷条件下,高依恋回避个体对于关系趋避目标的寻求表现趋同于低依恋回避个体。 结论： 依恋风格可以调节矫正人们在人际威胁情境中对恋人的关系趋避目标反应,且依恋回避的矫正过程是控制加工的过程,可以通过控制不安全依恋个体的认知资源来矫正其不良的人际交往反应,促进恋爱关系的发展。
[Abstract]:Trade-offs are considered to be a common phenomenon in intimacy. Threats not only cause individuals to produce close ideas and behaviors, but also create related thinking and behavior that may be rejected and hurt. The search for close goals will increase the dependence of the individual on the lover and sometimes even ignore it. The possibility of rejection and the fear of rejection and loss of relations exacerbate the sense of dependence. But when people seek more self defense goals, they reduce their dependence on the lover in the short term and increase the distance between them, thus avoiding the loss of long-term relationships.
The attachment of adult attachment as a special emotional connection between individuals and important others affects the quality of intimate relationships. A large number of studies have shown that individuals with a safe attachment style experience more positive emotions in love, more active in the description of lovers, more inclined to communicate with their partners, and unsafe attachment. The body tends to open the distance to the lover (evasion attachment) or to seek the support of the lover (anxiety attachment), which can lead to a decline in the quality of love, which affects the satisfaction and happiness of the individual in love. Meanwhile, the attachment theory suggests that the defensive strategy of the attachment style may need to rely on the cognitive resources. The study of the relationship between the style of attachment and the goal of the relationship can help to explore the relationship between the different attachment styles in love and provide some guidance for the improvement of the future relationship.
Objective:
In this study, a combination of questionnaire and experimental methods was used to investigate the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style and cognitive load on individual relationship reaching goals in interpersonal threats, including 1 pre tests and 3 experimental studies. The pre test explored the relationship between idiosyncratic attachment style and relation goal through questionnaire survey. The study one and study two investigated the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style on the choice of individual relationship reaching goals in interpersonal threat situations from the perspective of implicit goal activation and individual behavior intention respectively. On the basis of study two, study three investigated the role of cognitive load in the relationship between the attachment style and the goal of the individual relationship.
Method:
The study investigated the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style on individual relationship avoidance goal activation in interpersonal threats, and verified whether recall writing tasks could initiate interpersonal threats. 58 college students in love relationships were tested by the ECR questionnaire first. The subjects were divided into two groups of idiosyncratic attachment styles, and a group of subjects caused interpersonal threats by remembering the disappointing things they had done by the important others. The other was used as a neutral control group by recalling one of the holidays, and all the subjects finished the decision task of non word words.
Study two investigated the effect of individual idiosyncratic attachment style on the goal of individual relationship avoidance in the situation of lover's threat. 56 college students in love relationship were first completed the ECR and the general relationship avoidance goal questionnaire, and then randomly divided into two groups, and one group was started with the research threat. Similar memory writing tasks caused a lover's threat situation, and the other was used as a neutral control group, and all the subjects completed measurements related to the goal of a relationship avoidance target, including the measurement of the relationship, intimacy and dependence.
In study three, on the basis of study two, we added cognitive load factors to investigate whether the influence of attachment style on the goal of the individual relationship is dependent on cognitive resources, whether it belongs to the process of controlling processing, and 55 college students in the relationship relationship were tested, and the ECR and the general relationship avoidance goal questionnaire were completed first. Then all the subjects completed the same memories and writing tasks as the two threat startup group, and then divided the subjects into two groups randomly. One group was a high cognitive load group that was required to remember and recognize 9 letters when the relationship reaching target related measurement was completed, and the other was to complete the correlation measurement. A low cognitive load group that requires 3 letters to remember and recognize.
Result:
The response of individuals with different attachment styles to target words in interpersonal threats is different. The specific performance is that low attachment anxiety individuals respond to target words faster in interpersonal threat situations, and the response of high attachment avoidance individuals to self defense target words is faster in interpersonal threat situations.
Different attachment styles have different effects on relationship avoidance targets under the situation of lovers' threat. The specific performance is that high attachment avoidance individuals seek more self defense targets under the situation of lovers' threat, and the level of dependence of low attachment anxiety individuals is higher in the situation of interpersonal threat.
Under the situation of lovers' threat, cognitive load affects the influence of attachment style on the goal of relationship. The specific expression is that under the situation of lovers' threat, the avoidance of high attachment tends to choose the goal of self defense, and reduces the approach goal, the affinity and the dependence, but in the high cognitive load, the high attachment avoids the individual. The search for relationship avoidance goal tends to converge to low attachment avoidance individuals.
Conclusion:
Attachment style can adjust people's response to the relationship of lovers in interpersonal threat situations, and the correction process of attachment avoidance is the process of controlling processing. It can rectify the bad interpersonal reaction by controlling the cognitive resources of unsafe attachment individuals and promote the development of love relationship.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848
本文编号：2119800
[Abstract]:Trade-offs are considered to be a common phenomenon in intimacy. Threats not only cause individuals to produce close ideas and behaviors, but also create related thinking and behavior that may be rejected and hurt. The search for close goals will increase the dependence of the individual on the lover and sometimes even ignore it. The possibility of rejection and the fear of rejection and loss of relations exacerbate the sense of dependence. But when people seek more self defense goals, they reduce their dependence on the lover in the short term and increase the distance between them, thus avoiding the loss of long-term relationships.
The attachment of adult attachment as a special emotional connection between individuals and important others affects the quality of intimate relationships. A large number of studies have shown that individuals with a safe attachment style experience more positive emotions in love, more active in the description of lovers, more inclined to communicate with their partners, and unsafe attachment. The body tends to open the distance to the lover (evasion attachment) or to seek the support of the lover (anxiety attachment), which can lead to a decline in the quality of love, which affects the satisfaction and happiness of the individual in love. Meanwhile, the attachment theory suggests that the defensive strategy of the attachment style may need to rely on the cognitive resources. The study of the relationship between the style of attachment and the goal of the relationship can help to explore the relationship between the different attachment styles in love and provide some guidance for the improvement of the future relationship.
Objective:
In this study, a combination of questionnaire and experimental methods was used to investigate the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style and cognitive load on individual relationship reaching goals in interpersonal threats, including 1 pre tests and 3 experimental studies. The pre test explored the relationship between idiosyncratic attachment style and relation goal through questionnaire survey. The study one and study two investigated the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style on the choice of individual relationship reaching goals in interpersonal threat situations from the perspective of implicit goal activation and individual behavior intention respectively. On the basis of study two, study three investigated the role of cognitive load in the relationship between the attachment style and the goal of the individual relationship.
Method:
The study investigated the effect of idiosyncratic attachment style on individual relationship avoidance goal activation in interpersonal threats, and verified whether recall writing tasks could initiate interpersonal threats. 58 college students in love relationships were tested by the ECR questionnaire first. The subjects were divided into two groups of idiosyncratic attachment styles, and a group of subjects caused interpersonal threats by remembering the disappointing things they had done by the important others. The other was used as a neutral control group by recalling one of the holidays, and all the subjects finished the decision task of non word words.
Study two investigated the effect of individual idiosyncratic attachment style on the goal of individual relationship avoidance in the situation of lover's threat. 56 college students in love relationship were first completed the ECR and the general relationship avoidance goal questionnaire, and then randomly divided into two groups, and one group was started with the research threat. Similar memory writing tasks caused a lover's threat situation, and the other was used as a neutral control group, and all the subjects completed measurements related to the goal of a relationship avoidance target, including the measurement of the relationship, intimacy and dependence.
In study three, on the basis of study two, we added cognitive load factors to investigate whether the influence of attachment style on the goal of the individual relationship is dependent on cognitive resources, whether it belongs to the process of controlling processing, and 55 college students in the relationship relationship were tested, and the ECR and the general relationship avoidance goal questionnaire were completed first. Then all the subjects completed the same memories and writing tasks as the two threat startup group, and then divided the subjects into two groups randomly. One group was a high cognitive load group that was required to remember and recognize 9 letters when the relationship reaching target related measurement was completed, and the other was to complete the correlation measurement. A low cognitive load group that requires 3 letters to remember and recognize.
Result:
The response of individuals with different attachment styles to target words in interpersonal threats is different. The specific performance is that low attachment anxiety individuals respond to target words faster in interpersonal threat situations, and the response of high attachment avoidance individuals to self defense target words is faster in interpersonal threat situations.
Different attachment styles have different effects on relationship avoidance targets under the situation of lovers' threat. The specific performance is that high attachment avoidance individuals seek more self defense targets under the situation of lovers' threat, and the level of dependence of low attachment anxiety individuals is higher in the situation of interpersonal threat.
Under the situation of lovers' threat, cognitive load affects the influence of attachment style on the goal of relationship. The specific expression is that under the situation of lovers' threat, the avoidance of high attachment tends to choose the goal of self defense, and reduces the approach goal, the affinity and the dependence, but in the high cognitive load, the high attachment avoids the individual. The search for relationship avoidance goal tends to converge to low attachment avoidance individuals.
Conclusion:
Attachment style can adjust people's response to the relationship of lovers in interpersonal threat situations, and the correction process of attachment avoidance is the process of controlling processing. It can rectify the bad interpersonal reaction by controlling the cognitive resources of unsafe attachment individuals and promote the development of love relationship.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848
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