社区矫正人员的犯罪类型及对应咨询方案构建

发布时间：2018-07-14 17:13

【摘要】：社区心理矫正作为社区矫正的重要组成部分在近年来受重视程度日渐增大,无论是响应国家政策制度的要求,还是日常工作的实际需要,在心理学的理论、方法和技术的支持下,结合矫正学、社会学和法学进行具体的、可操作的和规范的社区心理矫正工作已经刻不容缓。本研究主要使用文献法、访谈法、问卷法、个案法和协商一致等方法对昆明市呈贡区司法局已经结束矫正的146例矫正案例进行分析和研究,概括出四种主要的犯罪类型分类,分别为:以危险驾驶罪和交通肇事罪为主的交通类犯罪60例;以寻衅滋事罪和故意伤害罪为主的暴力类犯罪32例;以盗窃和抢劫为主的侵害财产类30例;以贪污和受贿为主的职务犯罪类24例。总结出五种心理行为模式,分别为:交通类犯罪的“认为自己无罪或判处过重、不愿意接受矫正,对抗或熬过矫正”模式和“茫然、内疚和自责,少数伴有绝望”模式;暴力类犯罪的“承认自己犯罪,主动承担责任,但认为犯错是性格使然,质疑矫正效果”模式;侵犯财产类的“主动承认错误,配合矫正,但再犯率高”模式;职务犯罪类的“主动认错,落差极大,人际关系不良,质疑咨询师”模式。根据社区矫正以预防再犯为首要目标的基础,结合一般心理咨询的目标和特点,提出针对上述五种心理行为模式的综合型咨询方案。它们分别为:交通类犯罪的以改变自认为无罪的观念,明晰侥幸心理对自身影响,学会正确生活为目标的认知行为方案和以改变对犯罪的自责,内疚认知,消除不良情绪为目标的认知行为疗法方案;针对暴力类犯罪的以调整认为自己是不经意间犯罪,认为判刑不公、不帮朋友就是不讲意气的认知,改正冲动易怒的行为,改善与家人、朋友间关系为目标的结合认知行为和家庭治疗的综合方案;侵犯财产类的以明白再犯成本,明晰自己不能改是自己不想改,疾病获益的原因,从而激发自我成长为目的的以来访者为中心治疗,结合家庭治疗和认知行为的综合性方案;职务犯罪类的以调整心理落差、客观评价自己,改善人际关系为目标的以人为中心的方案。在上述五种不同咨询方案的基础上提炼出适用一般矫正人员的心理咨询模式,并对其进行了情绪量表的前后测比较,结果都表现出显著降低。
[Abstract]:As an important part of community correction, community psychological correction has been paid more and more attention in recent years, whether in response to the requirements of the national policy system, or in the practical needs of daily work, in the theory of psychology. With the support of methods and techniques, it is urgent to carry out concrete, operable and standardized community psychological correction in combination with orthodontics, sociology and law. This study mainly uses literature method, interview method, questionnaire method, case method and consensus method to analyze and study 146 correction cases that have been corrected by Chenggong District Judicial Bureau of Kunming, and generalize four main types of crime classification. There were 60 cases of traffic crimes, 32 cases of violent crimes, 30 cases of theft and robbery, 30 cases of crimes against property, 60 cases of traffic crimes, 32 cases of violence, 30 cases of theft and robbery. There were 24 cases of job-related crimes dominated by corruption and bribery. Five kinds of psychological behavior patterns are summarized, which are: traffic crime "not guilty or sentenced too heavy, unwilling to accept correction, confrontation or endure correction" and "blankness, guilt and self-blame, a few with despair" model; The pattern of "admitting one's own crime and taking the responsibility actively, but believing that making mistakes is caused by character, questioning the effect of correction", "actively admitting mistakes, cooperating with correction, but having a high rate of recidivism", is the mode of crime of violent type. The mode of active admission of error, great difference, poor interpersonal relationship and questioning consultant in the category of duty crime. According to the foundation of community correction with the prevention of recidivism as the primary goal, combined with the goal and characteristics of general psychological counseling, this paper puts forward a comprehensive counseling scheme for the five psychological behavior modes mentioned above. They are: traffic crime to change the concept of innocence, to understand the impact of fluke on their own, to learn to live correctly as the goal of cognitive behavior programs and to change the crime of self-blame, guilt cognition, A cognitive behavior therapy program aimed at eliminating bad emotions; a program aimed at violent crimes aimed at readjusting oneself as an inadvertent crime, believing that the sentence is unfair, not helping friends is an unemotional cognition, and correcting impulsive and irritable behavior. Comprehensive programs that combine cognitive behavior and family therapy aimed at improving relationships with family and friends; violations of property in order to understand the cost of reoffending; knowing that you can't change is the reason why you don't want to change and the disease benefits. In order to stimulate self-growth as the purpose of the visitors as the center of treatment, combined with family treatment and cognitive behavior, the comprehensive program; the category of job-related crimes to adjust the psychological gap, objective evaluation of themselves, People-centered programs that aim to improve interpersonal relationships. On the basis of the above five different counseling schemes, the psychological counseling model for the general correctional personnel was extracted and compared with the emotion scale before and after, and the results showed a significant decrease.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B849

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