空巢老人社区心理需求的质性分析及其应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 16:48

【摘要】：受传统文化和思想观念的影响,社区在时代变迁和社会转型的潮流中逐渐成为空巢老人居家养老的首选场域。扎根社区,深入探讨空巢老年群体的社区心理需求倾向,对丰富社区心理健康服务的理论,指导社区服务操作具有重要意义。研究过程主要分为空巢老人社区心理需求的扎根理论和探索性应用两个部分。在扎根理论阶段,运用合作研究方法,以南京市玄武区锁金村社区为合作基地,对空巢老人心理需求倾向进行了深入探讨和提炼。研究在为期一年的社区田野调查的基础上,对34名空巢老人进行了半结构式访谈,运用扎根理论的资料分析方法对相关文献资料和访谈资料进行整理分析,提炼出空巢老人心理需求倾向理论模型,并得出以下结论： (1)空巢老年需求研究亟待召唤一种历史的、关系的、积极的视角。 (2)在时代变迁中,老人经历了需求生态系统从“家族人”系统到“单位人”系统到“社会人”系统的转变,“社会”的范围主要指向了社区。 (3)空巢老人的社区需求包括积极能力、积极体验、积极环境三种倾向。积极能力倾向包括能力保护、能力增长、能力施展三个维度,希望“老有所为”,从而带来价值感、效能感。积极体验倾向包括体验的获得、体验的表达和体验的分享三个维度,希望“老有所乐”,从而带来社区感、归属感。积极环境倾向包括生活环境、服务环境和政策环境三个维度,希望“老有所依”,从而带来安全感、舒适感。三种社区需求倾向之间形成相互影响、相互转换的系统,并共同旨在积极生活的建构。探索性应用阶段,将提炼出的理论在社区服务项目中进行了探索性的应用,通过实践增加理论的生命力,同时通过实践的反哺,对理论进行了完善,得出以下结论： (1)空巢老人心理需求倾向理论在社区操作实践中具有良好的指导性和应用性。需求倾向理论在社区实践中呈现出动态性,老年人在与社区的互动关系中,三种需求倾向的对接是有主观偏重的,并且这种偏重在直观上与年龄还存在着很大的相关性。 (2)社区心理健康服务体系的建构不是孤立的理论与实践的互动,它的可持续运作依赖于全方位合作机制的建立。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of traditional culture and ideology, the community has gradually become the first choice of the empty nest elderly in the changing times and the trend of social transformation. It is of great significance for enriching the theory of community mental health service and guiding the operation of community service to take root in the community and probe into the tendency of community psychological demand of empty nest elderly group. The research process is divided into two parts: rooted theory and exploratory application. In the stage of taking root in theory, using cooperative research method, taking lockin village community in Xuanwu district of Nanjing as the cooperative base, the psychological demand tendency of empty-nest elderly is deeply discussed and refined. On the basis of a year of community fieldwork, 34 empty nesters were interviewed in a semi-structured way, and the relevant literature and interview materials were analyzed by using the method of data analysis based on rooted theory. This paper abstracts the theoretical model of empty-nest elderly's psychological needs tendency, and draws the following conclusions: (1) the research of empty-nest elderly needs to summon a historical, relational and positive perspective. (2) in the changing times, The elderly have experienced the transition from "family" system to "unit person" system to "social person" system. The scope of "society" mainly points to the community. (3) the community needs of empty-nesters include positive ability. Positive experience, positive environment, three tendencies. Positive ability tendency includes three dimensions: ability protection, ability growth and ability development. Positive experience tendency includes three dimensions: the acquisition of experience, the expression of experience and the sharing of experience. Positive environmental tendency includes three dimensions: living environment, service environment and policy environment. The three kinds of community demand tendencies form a system of mutual influence and transformation, and together aim at the construction of active life. In the stage of exploratory application, the refined theory is applied in the community service project, and the vitality of the theory is increased through practice. At the same time, the theory is perfected through the feedback of practice. The conclusions are as follows: (1) empty-nest elderly people's psychological needs tendency theory has good guidance and application in community operation practice. The theory of demand propensity is dynamic in community practice. In the interaction between the elderly and the community, there is a subjective bias in the docking of the three demand tendencies. Moreover, there is a great correlation between this emphasis and age. (2) the construction of community mental health service system is not an isolated interaction between theory and practice, its sustainable operation depends on the establishment of all-round cooperation mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.4

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