简单心算中的错误适应效应及其实证研究

发布时间：2018-07-18 12:02

【摘要】：目前国内关于错误适应、错误加工的研究少之又少，且大都停留在对国外相关文献的综述阶段；而国外已有的研究中，大都采用简单匹配任务范式考察错误适应。事实上，简单匹配任务中的错误适应效应更多是一种注意效应，而非适应现象。真正能考察错误适应效应的任务应具有一定的复杂情境，而简单辨别任务在多项研究中被证实涉及多种认知加工且存在多种解题策略，符合这种复杂要求。此外，本研究还考察了心算中是否存在冲突适应效应。该效应的特征整合理论认为被试经历冲突后加强了对刺激-反应联结的记忆，从而导致行为改善；但如果在心算中，存在大量的算术问题与各种可能的解，对前一试次的联结进行强化又有什么帮助呢？为此，本研究采用乘法辨别任务范式，，使用2（N-1干扰因素：无关水平，距离1水平）×2（当前干扰因素：无关水平、距离1水平）被试内设计考察被试在简单心算任务中的错误适应效应与冲突适应效应，结果发现：（1）错误后反应显著慢于正确后反应，且错误后准确率显著大于正确后准确率；（2）任务中设计的高冲突试次与低冲突试次的反应时与准确率差异，即干扰效应达到显著水平；但并没有观察到前一试次的冲突水平会当前试次的反应时和准确率造成影响。（3）干扰效应在经历了高冲突试次后并没有减少：就反应时来说，干扰效应不受前一试次冲突水平的影响，几乎没有变化了；就准确率来说，高冲突试次反而导致了干扰效应的增大。
[Abstract]:At present, there are very few researches on error processing in China, and most of them remain at the stage of review of relevant foreign literature. However, most of the existing researches abroad use simple matching task paradigm to investigate error adaptation. In fact, the error adaptation effect in simple matching task is more a kind of attention effect than an adaptation phenomenon. The task that can truly examine the effect of error adaptation should have a certain complex situation, but the simple discrimination task has been proved to involve multiple cognitive processes and multiple problem-solving strategies in many studies, which accords with this complex requirement. In addition, this study also examined whether there is a conflict adaptation effect in mental arithmetic. The characteristic integration theory of this effect holds that the participants' memory of stimulus-response association is enhanced after experiencing conflict, which leads to the improvement of behavior. However, there are a lot of arithmetic problems and various possible solutions in mental arithmetic. How does it help to strengthen the connection of the previous trial? Therefore, a multiplicative discrimination task paradigm was used in this study, using 2 (N-1 interference factors: irrelevant level, distance 1 level) 脳 2 (current interference factor: irrelevant level), Distance 1) the error adaptation effect and conflict adaptation effect of the subjects in simple mental arithmetic tasks were investigated. The results showed that: (1) the post-error response was significantly slower than the correct post-reaction. (2) the response time and accuracy of the high conflict test and the low conflict test designed in the task were significantly higher than that of the correct one, that is, the interference effect reached the significant level. However, it was not observed that the conflict level of the previous trial would have an impact on the response time and accuracy of the current trial. (3) the interference effect did not decrease after experiencing the high conflict trial: as far as reaction time was concerned, The interference effect is not affected by the conflict level of the previous trial, and it has almost no change. In terms of accuracy, the high conflict test results in the increase of the interference effect.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】