儿童卡通面孔加工影响因素的眼动研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 20:05

【摘要】：卡通是儿童喜闻乐见的一种艺术表现形式,是儿童日常生活中不可或缺的重要组成部分,并对儿童认知与情绪的社会性发展有着重要作用。通过探究卡通面孔的加工机制,能帮助我们更好地认识面孔加工。本研究利用眼动技术,通过“学习-再认”范式,来探究不同因素对卡通面孔加工的影响以及面孔加工的脑机制。随机选取大班儿童和成人,以面孔类型(卡通人类面孔和卡通动物面孔,卡通面孔和真人面孔)、绘图方式(电脑制图、简笔画、水粉画)、被试年龄(成人、儿童)和被试性别作为自变量因素,分别考察这些因素对卡通面孔学习和再认过程中行为数据(如反应时、正确率等)和眼动数据(如注视时间和眼跳个数等)的影响。研究包括三个眼动实验,第一个眼动实验研究了卡通人类面孔和卡通动物面孔的加工差异,第二个眼动实验研究了不同绘图方式的卡通面孔的加工差异,第三个眼动实验研究了卡通面孔和真人面孔的加工差异。研究结果如下：(1)行为数据表明：卡通人类面孔和卡通动物面孔的再认上,儿童的再认反应时均显著长于成人,而两者的正确率不存在差异；三种绘图方式卡通面孔的再认上,儿童的再认反应时均显著长于成人,而两者的正确率不存在差异；而相比卡通面孔,被试再认真人面孔的反应时显著更长,正确率显著更低；在真人面孔加工上,儿童和成人的再认反应时不存在差异,而成人的正确率显著高于儿童。(2)眼动数据表明：被试在加工卡通人类面孔和卡通动物面孔的加工模式相同,均更多注视鼻子,但在卡通人类面孔上注视时间和眼跳个数均显著多于卡通动物面孔：被试加工三种绘图方式面孔的模式不同,在加工电脑制图面孔时更多注视鼻子,而加工其他两种面孔时更多注视眼睛,且在电脑制图面孔上的注视时间显著多于其他两种面孔;被试加工卡通面孔和真人面孔的模式相同,均更多注视鼻子,但在真人面孔上的注视时间和眼跳个数均显著多于其他两种面孔；成人和儿童在面孔加工模式上存在差异,成人更多注视鼻子,采用整体加工,而儿童在眼、鼻、嘴等面孔特征上的注视时间无差异,采用了特征加工；分析水粉画面孔上数据,发现儿童能够使用面孔整体加工,但他们面孔整体加工的能力差于成人；男性和女性在面孔加工方面存在差异,女性在进行面孔加工时偏好特征加工,而男性则偏好整体加工。综上,研究结论表明：(1)个体加工卡通人类面孔和卡通动物面孔的模式相同,但卡通人类面孔的加工强度大于卡通动物面孔；(2)个体加工不同绘图方式面孔的模式也不相同,电脑制图面孔的加工强度大于简笔画面孔和水粉画面孔；(3)个体加工卡通面孔和真人面孔的模式相同,但真人面孔的加工强度大于卡通面孔；(4)成人和儿童在面孔加工模式上存在差异,成人更多注视鼻子,更多使用整体加工,而儿童对眼、鼻、嘴等面孔特征注视均较多,更多使用特征加工；(5)在特征信息缺失的情况下,儿童能够使用面孔整体加工,但他们面孔整体加工的能力差于成人；(6)男性和女性在面孔加工方面存在差异,女性在进行面孔加工时更多使用特征加工,而男性则更多使用整体加工。
[Abstract]:cartoon is an important part in children ' s daily life and plays an important role in the social development of children ' s cognition and emotion .
There were no differences in the correct rate between the two groups , but there was no difference in the correct rate between the two groups .
Compared with cartoon face , the reaction time of serious human face was significantly longer and the correct rate was significantly lower .
( 2 ) The eye movement data shows that the pattern of the face of cartoon human face and cartoon animal is the same , and more attention is paid to the nose , but the gaze time and the number of eyes on the face of computer graphics are significantly more than those of cartoon animal .
There is a difference between adult and children in the face processing mode , the adult more eyes the nose , adopts the whole processing , while the child has no difference in the eyes , nose , mouth and other face features , adopt the characteristic processing ;
analyzing the data on the face of the water painting , finding that children can use the integral processing of the faces , but the energy difference of the whole processing of the faces of the children is inferior to the adult ;
The results show that : ( 1 ) The human face and cartoon animal ' s face pattern are the same , but the processing intensity of cartoon human face is greater than cartoon animal ' s face ;
( 2 ) the pattern of the faces of different drawing modes of the individual is different , and the processing intensity of the computer graphics face is larger than that of the stroke face and the water painting face ;
( 3 ) the model of the individual processing cartoon face and the human face is the same , but the processing intensity of the human face is larger than that of the cartoon face ;
( 4 ) There is a difference between adult and children in the face processing mode , the adult more eyes the nose , more uses the whole processing , while the children ' s eyes , nose , mouth and other face characteristic fixation are more , more use characteristic processing ;
( 5 ) In the absence of characteristic information , children can use the whole process of the face , but their ability to process the whole face is inferior to the adult ;
( 6 ) There is a difference between male and female in face processing , and women are more used for processing in face processing , while men are more using overall processing .
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842

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