原型启发能力的蔡克尼克效应及其脑机制研究
发布时间：2018-07-24 20:27
【摘要】：在解决科学发明问题的过程中,当找不到解决的方法时,有时候会偶然碰到一个表面上看似无关的事物并从中获得顿悟。从顿悟的酝酿到思维定势的打破的过程中,为何高原型启发能力的个体在遇到表面上不相关的事物(原型)的时候更容易激活未解决的问题?是否高低原型启发理论的个体在问题理解过程中对问题的保持探索能力以及选择偏向会影响最终顿悟的形成呢?此外,其他创造性相关的人格特质(模糊容忍度)在这种未解决问题的保持状态上是否有差异呢?这就是本研究需要解决的问题。 实验一采取单因素的被试间设计,目的在于探讨原型启发能力与科学发明材料中的蔡克尼克效应(未解决问题的回忆力)的关系。实验中自变量是原型启发能力,包括两个水平(相对高分组和相对低分组)；因变量为未解决问题的回忆情况。计算方法：未解决问题的回忆数／未解决问题的总数。 实验结果为：相对原型启发能力高低两组在未解决问题的回忆情况上差异显著,t(34)=-3.01,p0.01,表明高的原型启发能力的被试对未解决问题的回忆率更好,也就是说相对高分组在头脑中储存问题的效果更好；除此之外,相对于没有原型的条件下,有原型条件下原型启发能力的得分与创造性倾向得分的总分相关更显著,这些结果也表明原型启发范式测到的能力很可能是一种创造性能力。 实验二是两因素被试间设计,目的在于探讨原型启发能力以及模糊容忍度人格特质与科学发明材料中的蔡克尼克效应(未解决创造性问题的回忆率,科学问题回忆倾向性,未解决问题回忆倾向性)的关系。实验中自变量是原型启发能力,包括两个水平(相对高分组和相对低分组),模糊容忍度倾向,包括两个水平(相对高倾向和相对低倾向)。因变量：未解决创造性问题的回忆率,计算方法：未解决创造性问题的回忆数／未解决的创造性问题的总数(与实验一不同的是,本实验中主要考察被试主动的对未解决科学问题的回忆情况)；未解决问题回忆倾向性,计算方法：未解决问题回忆数／总问题回忆个数;创造性问题回忆倾向性,计算方法：创造性问题的回忆个数／总的问题回忆个数。 实验结果：原型启发能力在三个因变量指标上差异都显著。这些结果表明,高原型启发个体对于创造性问题、未解决的问题有更高的选择和关注的倾向性；高原型启发个体对于对未解决的科学问题有能好的回忆率。模糊容忍度倾向在三个因变量指标上差异也显著。结果表明,高模糊容忍度的个体同样更倾向于选择性的回忆没有解决的创造性问题。 实验三通过对“蔡克尼克效应”的得分与区域性灰质体积进行相关,得到与蔡克尼克效应个体差异相关的脑区为：海马、海马旁回及上部的颞上回。其中海马及海马旁回在目标寻求和情绪控制中的功能是高“蔡克尼克效应”产生的关键。高创造性者对“科学难题”具有更高的“孜孜不倦”的追求,即更强的“蔡格尼克效应”。而这种孜孜不倦的追求会导致对问题的编码更好继而感受性提高,因此更容易在面对原型的时候激活“科学难题”。此外高模糊容忍度的个体在对于未解决问题回忆的倾向性上,更关注创造性的科学发明问题,说明模糊容忍度是原型启发能力的一种重要人格特质。
[Abstract]:In the process of solving the problem of scientific invention, when the solution can not be found, sometimes a seemingly unrelated thing on the surface will come across and get an insight from it. In the course of the break from the gestation of the Epiphany to the breaking of the thinking set, why the individuals of the plateau type enlightening ability are in the surface of the seemingly unrelated things (archetype) Is it easier to activate unsolved problems? Is the individual's ability to explore the problem in the process of problem understanding and the choice of preference for the formation of final insight in the process of problem understanding? In addition, are other creative related personality traits (fuzzy tolerance) different in this unsolved problem? This is the problem that this research needs to solve.
A single factor design was designed to explore the relationship between archetypal heuristics and the kenkenk effect in scientific inventions. In the experiment, the independent variables were prototype heuristics, including two levels (relatively high groups and phase to low groups); and the dependent variables were unsolved problems. Calculating method: the number of unresolved memories / the total number of unresolved problems.
The results of the experiment are: the two groups of relative archetype heuristics differ significantly in the memory of unsolved problems, t (34) =-3.01, P0.01, indicating that the higher prototype heuristics have better recall rate for unsolved problems, that is, the effect of relatively high grouping in the brain is better; in addition, it is relative to no original. Under the condition of type, the score of prototype heuristics is more related to the total score of the creative tendency score under the prototype condition. These results also show that the ability of the prototype heuristics is probably a creative ability.
Experiment two was designed with two factors, the purpose of which was to explore the relationship between archetypal heuristics, the personality traits of fuzzy tolerance and the kenkenk effect in scientific inventions (the recall of unsolved creative problems, recollection of scientific problems, and unsolved recollection of problems). There are two levels (relatively high and relatively low groups), the tendency of fuzzy tolerance, including two levels (relatively high tendencies and relatively low tendencies). Dependent variables: the recollection rate of unsolved creative problems, the calculation method: the total number of creative problems that have not solved the number of creative problems / unresolved (and the experiment one is, this is the same. In the experiment, we mainly investigated the subjects' active recall of unsolved scientific problems; unsolved problem recollection tendency, calculation method: recollection number of unsolved problem recollection / total problem, creative problem recollection tendency, calculation method: recollection number of creative question / total question recollection.
The results of the experiment: the difference between the prototype heuristic ability on the three dependent variables. These results show that the plateau type enlightening individual has a higher choice and inclination for the problem of creativity and unsolved problems; the plateau type enlightening individual has a good recollection rate for the unsolved scientific questions. The results showed that individuals with high fuzzy tolerance also tended to selectively recall unsolved creative problems.
In experiment three, the correlation between the score of the "kniknik effect" and the volume of regional gray matter was correlated. The brain regions associated with the individual differences in the CAI Nike effect were the hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the upper temporal gyrus. The function of the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus in target seeking and emotional control was produced by the high "Cai Nike effect". The key. High creative people have a higher "tireless" pursuit of "scientific problems", that is, the stronger "Cai Ge Nick effect". This tireless pursuit will lead to better coding and better perception of the problem, so it is easier to activate the "scientific problem" in the face of the prototype. In addition, the high ambiguity tolerance The individual is more concerned with the creative problem of scientific invention in the tendency to recall unsolved problems, indicating that the degree of fuzzy tolerance is an important personality trait of the ability to inspire the prototype.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2142561
[Abstract]:In the process of solving the problem of scientific invention, when the solution can not be found, sometimes a seemingly unrelated thing on the surface will come across and get an insight from it. In the course of the break from the gestation of the Epiphany to the breaking of the thinking set, why the individuals of the plateau type enlightening ability are in the surface of the seemingly unrelated things (archetype) Is it easier to activate unsolved problems? Is the individual's ability to explore the problem in the process of problem understanding and the choice of preference for the formation of final insight in the process of problem understanding? In addition, are other creative related personality traits (fuzzy tolerance) different in this unsolved problem? This is the problem that this research needs to solve.
A single factor design was designed to explore the relationship between archetypal heuristics and the kenkenk effect in scientific inventions. In the experiment, the independent variables were prototype heuristics, including two levels (relatively high groups and phase to low groups); and the dependent variables were unsolved problems. Calculating method: the number of unresolved memories / the total number of unresolved problems.
The results of the experiment are: the two groups of relative archetype heuristics differ significantly in the memory of unsolved problems, t (34) =-3.01, P0.01, indicating that the higher prototype heuristics have better recall rate for unsolved problems, that is, the effect of relatively high grouping in the brain is better; in addition, it is relative to no original. Under the condition of type, the score of prototype heuristics is more related to the total score of the creative tendency score under the prototype condition. These results also show that the ability of the prototype heuristics is probably a creative ability.
Experiment two was designed with two factors, the purpose of which was to explore the relationship between archetypal heuristics, the personality traits of fuzzy tolerance and the kenkenk effect in scientific inventions (the recall of unsolved creative problems, recollection of scientific problems, and unsolved recollection of problems). There are two levels (relatively high and relatively low groups), the tendency of fuzzy tolerance, including two levels (relatively high tendencies and relatively low tendencies). Dependent variables: the recollection rate of unsolved creative problems, the calculation method: the total number of creative problems that have not solved the number of creative problems / unresolved (and the experiment one is, this is the same. In the experiment, we mainly investigated the subjects' active recall of unsolved scientific problems; unsolved problem recollection tendency, calculation method: recollection number of unsolved problem recollection / total problem, creative problem recollection tendency, calculation method: recollection number of creative question / total question recollection.
The results of the experiment: the difference between the prototype heuristic ability on the three dependent variables. These results show that the plateau type enlightening individual has a higher choice and inclination for the problem of creativity and unsolved problems; the plateau type enlightening individual has a good recollection rate for the unsolved scientific questions. The results showed that individuals with high fuzzy tolerance also tended to selectively recall unsolved creative problems.
In experiment three, the correlation between the score of the "kniknik effect" and the volume of regional gray matter was correlated. The brain regions associated with the individual differences in the CAI Nike effect were the hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the upper temporal gyrus. The function of the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus in target seeking and emotional control was produced by the high "Cai Nike effect". The key. High creative people have a higher "tireless" pursuit of "scientific problems", that is, the stronger "Cai Ge Nick effect". This tireless pursuit will lead to better coding and better perception of the problem, so it is easier to activate the "scientific problem" in the face of the prototype. In addition, the high ambiguity tolerance The individual is more concerned with the creative problem of scientific invention in the tendency to recall unsolved problems, indicating that the degree of fuzzy tolerance is an important personality trait of the ability to inspire the prototype.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 唐晓晨;庞娇艳;罗劲;;顿悟中的蔡格尼克效应:左右脑在解题失败与提示信息加工时的活动差异[J];科学通报;2009年22期
，本文编号：2142561
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