奖励对空间注意定向及局部注意干扰效应的影响

发布时间：2018-08-02 21:18

【摘要】：为了使自己的行为适应环境,注意可以自主的根据自己的目标,或不自觉地通过自动的对突显的刺激进行反应。这是个体的两种注意定向方式,自上而下(内源性注意)和自下而上的(外源性注意)注意加工方式。个体的情绪或动机也可以影响注意定向,奖励作为一种可以提高个体动机状态的外在因素,如何影响个体的内外源性注意呢?特别是当奖励在阈限下呈现时,它如何影响内源性和外源性的注意定向呢?本文中,实验1和2我们采用的是视觉搜索范式,研究阈上和阈下呈现的奖励反馈对个体两种不同注意定向的影响。我们的研究结果表明,与高奖励货币联结的刺激在随后的视觉搜索任务中优先获得注意,即使这些被奖励过的刺激不再和任务相关,它仍然影响了由内源性和外源性线索诱导的注意定向。阈限下的实验2的结果表明,之前与金钱奖励联结的刺激也同样在随后的视觉搜索任务中获得优先的注意力,尽管奖励是无意识地获得。因此,有关动机的操作过程独立于意识可以对注意选择提供强大的影响,从而减轻刺激驱动和目标导向的注意。另一方面在探讨了奖励对注意不同的加工方式的影响后,本文继续探究奖励动机最后能否优化注意资源的分配呢?我们研究了奖励期望对局部注意干扰效应的影响(LA I)。局部注意效应指的是当视觉搜索空间中两个目标时,这两个目标距离相近时产生的互相干扰效应。我们设计了两个实验依然采用视觉搜索范式,实验3和实验4结果显示了在奖励反馈期待的条件下,被试的反应时要快于无奖励反馈期待的条件。在实验3中,当两目标之间的距离较远时,奖励条件下被试的正确率要高于无奖励条件,而当两目标之间的距离较近时,奖励条件下的正确率却低于无奖励条件,换言之在奖励条件下,被试的局部注意干扰效应量反而增大。而实验4阈限下呈现的奖励符号线索的正确率并没有这种交互作用现象。结论:1、不管是阈限上还是阈限下,高奖励联结的刺激会对内源性和外源性注意定向都产生影响。2、阈限上呈现的奖励符号信息使得局部注意干扰效应增大,个体对奖励的觉知会干扰到当前任务的有效完成。而阈限下的呈现的奖励符号信息在正确率上对局部注意干扰效应没有显著影响,但是反应时间降低,这说明阈限下的奖励信息可以提高被试的动机水平,使其做好任务反应准备。
[Abstract]:In order to adapt their behavior to the environment, attention can be self-directed according to their own goals, or unconsciously through the automatic response to prominent stimuli. These are two types of attention orientation, top-down (endogenous attention) and bottom-up (exogenous attention) attention processing. Individual emotion or motivation can also affect attention orientation, reward as an external factor that can improve individual motivation state, how to affect individual internal and external attention? Especially when the reward appears under the threshold, how does it affect the endogenous and exogenous attention orientation? In experiments 1 and 2 we use visual search paradigm to study the effects of reward feedback on two different attention orientations: suprathreshold and subthreshold. Our results show that stimuli associated with high reward currencies receive priority attention in subsequent visual search tasks, even if these rewards are no longer related to the task. It still affects attention orientation induced by endogenous and exogenous cues. The results of experiment 2 under threshold also showed that previously associated stimuli with monetary rewards were also given priority attention in subsequent visual search tasks, although the rewards were obtained unconsciously. Therefore, the operational process of motivation independent of consciousness can provide a powerful effect on attention selection, thus reducing stimulus-driven and goal-oriented attention. On the other hand, after discussing the effect of reward on different processing methods, this paper continues to explore whether incentive motivation can optimize the allocation of attention resources. We studied the effect of reward expectation on the interference effect of local attention, (LA I). Local attention effect refers to the mutual interference effect when two targets in visual search space are close to each other. We designed two experiments that still adopt visual search paradigm. The results of experiments 3 and 4 show that under the condition of reward feedback expectation, the reaction time of the subjects is faster than that without reward feedback expectation. In experiment 3, when the distance between the two goals was far, the correct rate of the subjects under the reward condition was higher than that without the reward condition, but when the distance between the two goals was close, the correct rate under the reward condition was lower than that under the no reward condition. In other words, the amount of local attention interference increased under the reward condition. In experiment 4, the correct rate of reward sign cues showed no such interaction. Conclusion: (1) under or under threshold, both endogenous and exogenous attention orientation can be affected by the stimulation of high reward association. The information of reward symbol on threshold increases the interference effect of local attention. Individual awareness of rewards interferes with the effective completion of the current task. However, the information of reward symbols presented under threshold has no significant effect on the interference effect of local attention, but the response time is lower, which indicates that the reward information under threshold can improve the motivation level of the subjects. Prepare them for mission response.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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