场景知觉中视觉搜索过程的性别差异
发布时间：2018-08-04 08:01
【摘要】：场景作为空间中特定的一部分,对其的研究越来越收到关注,场景知觉(scene perception)是指通过感官得到了场景世界的信息,再经过大脑的加工,产生了对场景整体的认识,它并不是个别感觉信息的简单综合,而是按一定方式来整合个别的感觉信息,形成一定的结构,并根据个体的经验来解释由感觉提供的信息,包括形状知觉、大小知觉、深度与距离知觉、方位知觉与空间定向等的整合(Henderson,2005)。影响场景知觉的因素早期主要集中于场景背景以及目标物的属性特征,例如背景语义一致性,目标物的显著性等,而对作为场景知觉主体的人,所带来的影响关注较少。个体在场景知觉过程中空间能力是不可或缺的一部分,而性别的知觉策略因素对其影响,也存在一定的争议,有研究者认为性别差异是存在的并且男性表现更好,而有的研究者女性的表现更好或者不存在性别差异。因此本研究的目的,一方面探测在场景知觉的视觉搜索过程中是否存在性别差异,另一方面探讨在场景知觉中视觉搜索性别差异产生的原因。根据此研究目的,本研究采用变化探测的眼动范式,并选取了人工场景与真实自然场景图片相结合实验材料,拟进行三个实验： (1)在人工场景中,选取结构属性位置与特征属性颜色,来探测男性与女性在颜色与位置的变化探测中是否存在性别差异； (2)在真实场景中探讨男性与女性在颜色与位置的变化探测中是否存在性别差异； (3)引入眼动技术,来探讨女性在知觉过程中是如何对属性进行变化探测的,同时我们也期望能够运用眼动来继续探测男性是否真的在客体属性的变化探测中没有显著的优势。 以往结合眼动的研究更多的使用目标搜索范式,给被试呈现的为一张图片,而在本研究中,我们引入记忆图片与探测图片,能够更好的捕捉到被试在探测图片中进行视觉搜索时的眼动指标,实验结果发现： (1)在人工场景条件下颜色与位置变化主效应显著,女生在颜色变化条件下反应时显著长于位置变化,男生没有表现出颜色与位置变化的显著差异差异。 (2)在真实自然场景条件下,颜色与位置不同属性的变化对女生变化探测反应时影响显著,且对位置变化探测反应时显著长于颜色的探测,对于男生的变化探测没有显著影响。 (3)男生在颜色与位置属性变化上,反应时均长于女生,在颜色变化条件下,女生眼跳角距显著大于位置变化条件,男生在两属性没有显著差异,性别因素影响对颜色、位置的变化探测。
[Abstract]:As a specific part of space, the research of scene is paid more and more attention to. Scene perception (scene perception) means that the information of scene world is obtained through the senses, and then processed by the brain, which produces the overall understanding of the scene. It is not a simple synthesis of individual sensory information, but a certain way to integrate individual sensory information, form a certain structure, and interpret the information provided by the feeling according to the individual experience, including shape perception, size perception. The integration of depth and distance perception, azimuth perception and spatial orientation (Henderson2005). The factors that affect scene perception in the early stage mainly focus on the background and the attribute characteristics of the object, such as the semantic consistency of the background, the significance of the object, and so on, but less attention is paid to the people who are the subject of the scene perception. The spatial ability of individual is an indispensable part in the process of scene perception, and the influence of gender perceptual strategies on it is also controversial. Some researchers believe that gender differences exist and men perform better. Some researchers have better or no gender differences in women's performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore whether there are gender differences in the visual search process of scene perception, and on the other hand, to explore the causes of gender differences in visual search in scene perception. According to the purpose of this study, this study adopts the eye movement paradigm of change detection, and selects the artificial scene and the real natural scene picture to combine the experimental material, and plans to carry out three experiments: (1) in the artificial scene, The position of structure attribute and the color of characteristic attribute are selected to detect whether there is gender difference between male and female in detecting the change of color and position. (2) explore whether there is gender difference between male and female in detecting the change of color and position in real scene; (3) introduce eye movement technology, To explore how women detect changes in attributes in the process of perception, we also expect to use eye movements to continue to detect whether men really have no significant advantage in detecting changes in object attributes. Previous studies combined with eye movements used more target search paradigms to present a picture to the subjects. In this study, we introduced memory images and probe images. The results showed that: (1) the main effect of color and position change was significant in artificial scene. Under the condition of color change, the response time of female students was significantly longer than that of position change, while boys showed no significant difference in color and position change. (2) in real natural scene, The change of color and position attributes had a significant effect on the change detection response time of female students, and the detection time of position change detection reaction was significantly longer than that of color detection. There was no significant effect on the change detection of male students. (3) the reaction time of male students in the change of color and position attributes was longer than that of girls, and under the condition of color change, the distance of saccade angle of female students was significantly larger than that of the changing condition of position. There was no significant difference between male and female in the two attributes, and the change of color and position was detected by sex factor.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2163178
[Abstract]:As a specific part of space, the research of scene is paid more and more attention to. Scene perception (scene perception) means that the information of scene world is obtained through the senses, and then processed by the brain, which produces the overall understanding of the scene. It is not a simple synthesis of individual sensory information, but a certain way to integrate individual sensory information, form a certain structure, and interpret the information provided by the feeling according to the individual experience, including shape perception, size perception. The integration of depth and distance perception, azimuth perception and spatial orientation (Henderson2005). The factors that affect scene perception in the early stage mainly focus on the background and the attribute characteristics of the object, such as the semantic consistency of the background, the significance of the object, and so on, but less attention is paid to the people who are the subject of the scene perception. The spatial ability of individual is an indispensable part in the process of scene perception, and the influence of gender perceptual strategies on it is also controversial. Some researchers believe that gender differences exist and men perform better. Some researchers have better or no gender differences in women's performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore whether there are gender differences in the visual search process of scene perception, and on the other hand, to explore the causes of gender differences in visual search in scene perception. According to the purpose of this study, this study adopts the eye movement paradigm of change detection, and selects the artificial scene and the real natural scene picture to combine the experimental material, and plans to carry out three experiments: (1) in the artificial scene, The position of structure attribute and the color of characteristic attribute are selected to detect whether there is gender difference between male and female in detecting the change of color and position. (2) explore whether there is gender difference between male and female in detecting the change of color and position in real scene; (3) introduce eye movement technology, To explore how women detect changes in attributes in the process of perception, we also expect to use eye movements to continue to detect whether men really have no significant advantage in detecting changes in object attributes. Previous studies combined with eye movements used more target search paradigms to present a picture to the subjects. In this study, we introduced memory images and probe images. The results showed that: (1) the main effect of color and position change was significant in artificial scene. Under the condition of color change, the response time of female students was significantly longer than that of position change, while boys showed no significant difference in color and position change. (2) in real natural scene, The change of color and position attributes had a significant effect on the change detection response time of female students, and the detection time of position change detection reaction was significantly longer than that of color detection. There was no significant effect on the change detection of male students. (3) the reaction time of male students in the change of color and position attributes was longer than that of girls, and under the condition of color change, the distance of saccade angle of female students was significantly larger than that of the changing condition of position. There was no significant difference between male and female in the two attributes, and the change of color and position was detected by sex factor.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
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