前瞻记忆的前效、后效和混合效应
发布时间：2018-08-08 10:33
【摘要】：前瞻记忆是对将来某个特定时间要完成的活动和事件等意向的保持与执行。前瞻记忆的正确执行不仅要求我们在事件线索出现的时候进行正确的行为,同时也要求我们能够对干扰的事件线索的有效抑制。本文在前人对抑制和认知负荷对前瞻记忆影响研究的基础上,采用具有内在联系的靶线索控制抑制效应,采用双任务范式,进行前瞻记忆的前效、后效和混合效应的研究并探讨其加工机制。实验一采用2*2的被试间设计,以有无前效和高低认知负荷水平为自变量,以对前瞻任务的虚报率、前瞻任务的正确率和反应时,背景任务的正确率和反应时为因变量。研究结果显示,有前效组对前瞻任务的虚报率显著高于无前效组。高认知负荷组的前瞻任务正确率显著高于低认知负荷组,高认知负荷组的前瞻任务反应时显著高于低认知负荷组。有前效组背景任务正确率显著低于无前效组背景任务的正确率。高认知负荷组的背景任务正确率显著低于低认知负荷组,高认知负荷组的背景任务反应时显著高于低认知负荷组。实验二采用2*2的被试间设计,以有无后效和高低认知负载为自变量,以对前瞻任务的虚报率、前瞻任务的正确率和反应时,背景任务的正确率和反应时为因变量。研究结果显示,有后效组对前瞻任务的虚报率显著高于无后效组。高认知负荷组前瞻任务正确率显著低于低认知负荷组。在后效组的情况下,高认知负荷组的前瞻任务正确率显著高于低认知负荷组的前瞻任务正确率。在无后效的情况下,高认知负荷组的前瞻任务正确率显著低于低认知负荷组。实验三采用单因素被试间实验设计,以有无混合效应为自变量,以对前瞻任务的虚报率为因变量。研究结果显示,有混合组对前瞻任务的虚报率显著高于无混合组对前瞻任务的虚报率。进一步对混合组的前效效应和后效效应进行分析,结果显示,后效效应的均值大于前效效应。总体来说,背景任务的负载水平会影响前瞻记忆的认知资源的分配。后效效应更容易受到认知负荷的影响。前瞻记忆中存在前效、后效和混合效应,混合效应不是前效和后效的简单相加,后效效应的对前瞻记忆的干扰更大,这可能是前效的靶线索会做为提示物进一步巩固前瞻意向。
[Abstract]:Prospective memory is the retention and execution of activities and events, such as activities and events to be completed at a particular time in the future. The correct execution of prospective memory requires not only the correct behavior when the event clues appear, but also the effective inhibition of the interfering event clues. On the basis of the study on the effect of prospective memory, the effect of target clue control with internal connections was adopted, and the two task paradigm was used to study the preeffect, aftereffect and mixing effect of prospective memory and to explore the mechanism of its processing. The rate of false reporting of prospective tasks, the correct rate and response of prospective tasks, the correct rate of background tasks and the response time were dependent variables. The results showed that the rate of false reporting for prospective tasks was significantly higher than that in the non effective group. The accuracy of the prospective task in the high cognitive load group was significantly higher than that in the low cognitive load group and the high cognitive load group was prospective. The task response was significantly higher than that in the low cognitive load group. The correct rate of the background task in the front effect group was significantly lower than that in the non effective group. The correct rate of the background task in the high cognitive load group was significantly lower than the low cognitive load group. The background task response was significantly higher in the high cognitive load group than in the low cognitive load group. The two of the experiment was 2*2. The results showed that the rate of false reporting for prospective tasks was significantly higher than that of the less effective group. The prospective task of the high cognitive load group was correct. The rate of prospective task accuracy in the high cognitive load group was significantly higher than that in the low cognitive load group. In the case of no subsequent effect, the prospective task accuracy of the high cognitive load group was significantly lower than that of the low cognitive load group. Experiment three was designed by a single factor experimental design. The results show that the false reporting rate of the mixed group on the prospective task is significantly higher than that of the non mixed group on the prospective task, and the preeffect effect and the aftereffect effect of the mixed group are further analyzed. The results show that the mean value of the effect effect is greater than the previous effect. Overall, the load level of the background task affects the allocation of cognitive resources in prospective memory. The aftereffect is more easily influenced by cognitive load. There is a preeffect, aftereffect and mixing effect in prospective memory. The mixing effect is not a simple addition to the pre and post effects, and the aftereffect effect is more interfering to the prospective memory, which may be The target clues of previous effects will be used as a reminder to further consolidate prospective intentions.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3
本文编号：2171516
[Abstract]:Prospective memory is the retention and execution of activities and events, such as activities and events to be completed at a particular time in the future. The correct execution of prospective memory requires not only the correct behavior when the event clues appear, but also the effective inhibition of the interfering event clues. On the basis of the study on the effect of prospective memory, the effect of target clue control with internal connections was adopted, and the two task paradigm was used to study the preeffect, aftereffect and mixing effect of prospective memory and to explore the mechanism of its processing. The rate of false reporting of prospective tasks, the correct rate and response of prospective tasks, the correct rate of background tasks and the response time were dependent variables. The results showed that the rate of false reporting for prospective tasks was significantly higher than that in the non effective group. The accuracy of the prospective task in the high cognitive load group was significantly higher than that in the low cognitive load group and the high cognitive load group was prospective. The task response was significantly higher than that in the low cognitive load group. The correct rate of the background task in the front effect group was significantly lower than that in the non effective group. The correct rate of the background task in the high cognitive load group was significantly lower than the low cognitive load group. The background task response was significantly higher in the high cognitive load group than in the low cognitive load group. The two of the experiment was 2*2. The results showed that the rate of false reporting for prospective tasks was significantly higher than that of the less effective group. The prospective task of the high cognitive load group was correct. The rate of prospective task accuracy in the high cognitive load group was significantly higher than that in the low cognitive load group. In the case of no subsequent effect, the prospective task accuracy of the high cognitive load group was significantly lower than that of the low cognitive load group. Experiment three was designed by a single factor experimental design. The results show that the false reporting rate of the mixed group on the prospective task is significantly higher than that of the non mixed group on the prospective task, and the preeffect effect and the aftereffect effect of the mixed group are further analyzed. The results show that the mean value of the effect effect is greater than the previous effect. Overall, the load level of the background task affects the allocation of cognitive resources in prospective memory. The aftereffect is more easily influenced by cognitive load. There is a preeffect, aftereffect and mixing effect in prospective memory. The mixing effect is not a simple addition to the pre and post effects, and the aftereffect effect is more interfering to the prospective memory, which may be The target clues of previous effects will be used as a reminder to further consolidate prospective intentions.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3
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