场景知觉中注意偏向的不一致性效应

发布时间：2018-08-08 21:18

【摘要】：视觉场景中包含大量的信息,而人类在某一时刻能够取样并加工的信息非常有限。尽管有如此多的信息,人们还是可以通过视觉系统和认知系统在场景复杂的信息中获得有效的信息,以实现人类与环境的互动。人们在理解场景的过程中不仅仅是列出场景中客体和背景的简单清单,它还包含了对场景中所有实体间关系的具体表征。研究场景加工机制的一个有效方法是利用场景——客体间的一致性关系,研究人们是如何对此种场景及场景中的客体进行加工的。场景——客体间的一致性关系主要可以分为两类:语义一致性关系和句法一致性关系。语义一致性是指客体出现在特定场景中的可能性即客体意义与场景意义的匹配性;句法一致性是指客体出现在场景中是否符合物理学定律即客体与场景的空间位置关系的合适性。之前研究多集中于语义关系的研究,但需要注意的是现实环境中客体的语义一致性关系和句法一致性关系往往是同时存在的,二者的加工激活不同的电生理反应以及应用不同的脑区,所以在研究中只侧重其中一个是有明显不足的。本研究将场景——客体间语义一致性和句法一致性关系相结合,在设置好场景中客体显著性的情况下在短暂呈现的场景图片期间实时记录被试眼动,可以更加生态化的探查场景一致性效应差异对场景加工中注意偏向产生的时空变化;通过设置有、无场景提示两种实验条件,考察在自上而下为主的加工方式中和自下而上为主的加工方式中,场景语义关系加工和句法关系加工对注意偏向产生的影响。根据研究结果得出的结论如下:1.场景加工中表现出明显的不一致性加工优势,对不一致性客体表现出更多的注意偏向,不一致性客体上获得更多的注视次数更多、更长的注视时间、更短的注视潜伏期和更长的眼跳时间,在整体上占据更多的注视比例和注视时间;2.场景加工中语义关系和句法关系都会对场景加工中的注意分配产生影响,二者是两种不同的关系;3.有、无场景提示条件下对场景加工中不一致性优势的眼动变化总体趋势相似,最大的差异体现在首次注视潜伏期上和兴趣区内平均眼跳时间上,说明自上而下为主和自下而上为主的加工方式会影响场景加工中的注意偏向。
[Abstract]:Visual scene contains a lot of information, but human can sample and process information at a certain time is very limited. Although there is so much information, people can obtain effective information through visual system and cognitive system in order to realize the interaction between human and environment. In the process of understanding the scene, people not only make a simple list of objects and backgrounds in the scene, but also include a concrete representation of the relationship between all entities in the scene. An effective way to study the mechanism of scene processing is to study how people process the scene and the objects in the scene by using the consistency relationship between scenes and objects. The consistency relationship between scenes and objects can be divided into two categories: semantic consistency and syntactic consistency. Semantic consistency refers to the possibility that the object appears in a particular scene, that is, the matching between the object meaning and the scene meaning. Syntactic consistency refers to the appropriateness of the spatial position relationship between the object and the scene whether the object appears in the scene or not conforms to the law of physics. Previous studies have focused on semantic relationships, but it is important to note that the semantic consistency and syntactic consistency of objects often exist simultaneously in the real environment. Their processing activates different electrophysiological responses and uses different brain regions, so it is obviously inadequate to focus on one of them. In this study, the semantic consistency and syntactic consistency between the scene and the object were combined to record the eye movements of the subjects in real time during the brief presentation of scene images when the object significance in the scene was set. It is possible to explore more ecologically the temporal and spatial changes of attention bias in scene processing due to the difference of scene consistency effect; by setting up, there are no scenarios indicating the two experimental conditions, The effects of scene semantic processing and syntactic processing on attention bias in top-down processing and bottom-up processing were investigated. Based on the results of the study, the following is the conclusion: 1. In scene processing, there are obvious inconsistency processing advantages, more attention bias to inconsistent objects, more fixation times and longer fixation time on inconsistent objects. Shorter latency and longer duration of eye movement accounted for more attention and fixation time overall. In scene processing, both semantic and syntactic relations have an effect on the distribution of attention in scene processing, and they are two different relationships. Yes, the general trend of eye movement changes in the inconsistency advantage of scene processing was similar under the condition of no scene indication, the biggest difference was reflected in the first fixation latency and the average time of eye movement in the area of interest. It shows that top-down and bottom-up processing methods will affect the attention bias in scene processing.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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