权力等级对公平感影响的ERP研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 20:22

【摘要】：公平一直是人类社会追求的目标,近年来,人们越来越关注公平问题,比如教育公平,男女平等。因而各个领域也开展了很多对公平问题的研究。在心理学领域,心理学家们发现了影响公平感的很多因素,比如情绪,性别,年龄,社会比较,社会地位等。在心理学上通常采用最后通牒游戏和独裁者游戏来研究公平问题。权力在我们的生活中扮演重要的角色,近年来心理学才开始探讨权力问题。心理学中研究的权力更多的是一种主观感受,通过一些方法唤起被试的高权力感或低权力感。心理学对公平感和权力的研究很多,但权力对公平感的影响研究还很少。在我们的生活中或工作中,会遇到比我们权力等级高或低的人,如果我们受到这些不同权力等级人的不公平对待;当我们自己拥有高权力感或低权力感时,面对别人的不公平对待;面对这些问题,我们会在行为层面和神经生理层面有什么不同的反应呢?解开这些问题的答案是本实验研究的一个重要目的。本研究通过两个实验,运用事件相关电位技术来探讨权力等级和权力感对公平的影响。在实验一中,采用独裁者实验范式,探讨当提议者为上司,同事或下属这些不同权力等级的人时,被试在公平和不公平条件下反应会有什么差别,实验采用2(公平不公平)×3(上司同事下属)被试内实验设计。行为数据采用被试对分配结果的满意度,脑电指标采用MFN,P300。实验二也是采用独裁者实验范式,用高低权力词唤起被试的高,低或无权力感,来探讨当被试处于高权力感,低权力感或无权力感时,面对公平或不公平的情境反应会有什么差别。实验采用2(公平不公平)×3(高权力感低权力感无权力感)被试内实验设计。行为数据采用被试对分配结果的满意度,脑电指标采用MFN,P300。最后得出以下结果:研究一结果发现,在行为数据上,被试对公平情境的满意度显著高于不公平情境的满意度。无论在公平还是不公平情境下,提议者的权力等级越高,被试作为回应者的满意度越高。在脑电数据上,被试的MFN和P300波幅在FCz上,只有在面对与自己同级的同事时不公平条件下的波幅与公平条件下波幅差异显著。研究二结果发现,在行为数据上,被试对公平情境的满意度显著高于不公平情境的满意度,在被试处在高权力感,低权力感或无权力感各水平时满意度没有显著差异。在脑电数据上,处于无权力感水平情境下,不公平的MFN波幅显著大于公平的MFN波幅。在公平情境下,权力感各水平在P300波幅上差异显著,无权力感P300波幅最大,高权力感P300波幅最小。
[Abstract]:Fairness has always been the goal of human society. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the issue of equity, such as education equity, equality between men and women. As a result, a lot of research on equity has been carried out in various fields. In the field of psychology, psychologists have identified a number of factors that affect fairness, such as emotion, sex, age, social comparison, social status, and so on. The game of ultimatum and the game of dictators are commonly used in psychology to study fairness. Power plays an important role in our life. In psychology, the study of power is more subjective feeling, through some methods to arouse the subjects' sense of power or low sense of power. There are many researches on the sense of justice and power in psychology, but the influence of power on sense of justice is still few. In our lives or at work, we meet people who are higher or lower than we are, if we are unfairly treated by these different levels of power; when we have a high sense of power or a sense of low power, In the face of unfair treatment from others, how do we react differently to these problems at the behavioral and neurophysiological levels? The answer to these questions is an important purpose of this study. In this study, two experiments were conducted to explore the influence of power hierarchy and sense of power on equity by using event-related potentials. In experiment one, using dictatorial experimental paradigms, we explored how participants would react differently under fair and unfair conditions when the proponent was a superior, colleague, or subordinate to different levels of power. The experiment was designed by using 2 (fair) 脳 3 (boss and colleague subordinate) subjects. Behavioral data were measured by subjects' satisfaction with the distribution results, and EEG were measured by MFN,P300.. Experiment two also used dictators' experimental paradigm, using high and low power words to arouse the subjects' sense of high, low or no power, to explore when the subjects were in a high sense of power, low sense of power or no sense of power. How does it make a difference to a fair or unfair situation? The experiment was designed by using 2 (fair) 脳 3 (high sense of power, low sense of power, sense of powerlessness). Behavioral data were measured by subjects' satisfaction with the distribution results, and EEG were measured by MFN,P300.. Finally, the following results are obtained: the results show that the satisfaction of the subjects to the fair situation is significantly higher than that of the unfair situation in the behavior data. Whether in fair or unfair situations, the higher the power level of the proponent, the higher the satisfaction of the respondents. In EEG data, the MFN and P300 amplitudes of the subjects were significantly different on FCz, only when they were faced with their colleagues of the same rank under unfair conditions and under fair conditions. The results of the second study showed that the satisfaction degree of the subjects to the fair situation was significantly higher than that of the unfair situation in the behavior data, and there was no significant difference in the satisfaction degree between the subjects at the different levels of high sense of power, low sense of power or no sense of power. In the EEG data, the unfair MFN amplitude is significantly larger than the fair MFN amplitude in the situation of powerless force sense level. In the fair situation, there were significant differences in the P300 amplitude among the levels of power sense, the largest amplitude in the sense of power without power, and the smallest amplitude in the high sense of power.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.1

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