自发特质推理的行为者联结效应
发布时间：2018-08-28 17:59
【摘要】：自发特质推理是指个体在没有特定目的甚至在完全没意识到的情况下,根据他人的行为信息推论其人格特质、形成印象的过程,是一种内隐的推理过程。最近几十年,自发特质推理的研究在社会认知研究中占有重要地位。传统的行为实验任务对自发特质推理的普遍性特征进行了探讨,尽管在很大程度上可以对自发特质推理的存在性加以证实,但是却难以对神经基础与脑机制进行清楚地说明。近些年以来,随着脑成像技术的逐渐推广,社会认知神经科学也逐渐普及并获得较为繁荣的进步,这一系列的因素也使得对自发特质推理的脑机制与神经机制的探索逐渐演变为社会认知神经科学的重点研究领域。 自发推理出来的特质是对行为者的身份的一种表征,还是仅仅只是记住了面孔和行为的简单同现?有关这两种可能性都有着大量的实验证据支持,但自发特质推理建立的联结的指向依旧还在争论中。理论上,以往有关自发特质推理的研究多采用行为研究范式来探讨自发特质推理的指向性问题,少有人采用事件相关电位(ERPs)技术来寻求有关指向性问题的脑神经证据。 本研究结合行为实验和事件相关电位技术,以大学生为被试,使用E-prime编程和NeuroScan37导ERP记录和分析系统探讨了自发特质推理的指向性。实验1和实验2采用改编过的错误再认范式,探讨了自发特质推理的指向性问题。实验3借鉴Bartholow等人(2001,2003)的实验范式,自编材料,结合ERP技术,从神经机制的角度探讨了自发特质推理的指向性问题。 研究结果如下： (1)被试对行为者隐含特质判断反应时高于其他人,被试对行为者面孔错误再认率显著高于其他人,表明行为者比其他人更具特质联结优势效应。 (2)被试对行为者隐含特质判断反应时显著高于静止物体,被试对行为者面孔错误再认率显著高于静止物体,表明行为者比静止物体更具特质联结优势效应。 (3)在ERPs早期成分上,行为者相比较其他人诱发了更大的波幅以及更长的潜伏期。在P3早成分和晚成分上,其他人相较行为者诱发了更大的波幅以及较短的潜伏期。一定程度上表明行为者比其他人更具特质联结优势效应。 以上研究结果表明：自发特质推理存在行为者联结优势效应。本研究探讨自发特质推理的指向性问题,旨为自发特质推理的研究提供一定的理论支撑和实证证据。此外,自发特质推理在人际交往、求职应聘中发挥着重要的参考作用。
[Abstract]:Spontaneous trait reasoning is an implicit reasoning process in which individuals infer their personality traits and form impressions according to the behavior information of others without any specific purpose or even without being aware of it. In recent decades, spontaneous trait reasoning plays an important role in the study of social cognition. The traditional behavior experiment task discusses the universal characteristics of spontaneous trait reasoning. Although the existence of spontaneous trait reasoning can be confirmed to a great extent, it is difficult to clearly explain the neural basis and brain mechanism. In recent years, with the gradual spread of brain imaging technology, social cognitive neuroscience is gradually popularizing and making more prosperous progress. This series of factors also make the exploration of brain mechanism and neural mechanism of spontaneous trait reasoning become the key research field of social cognitive neuroscience. Is the spontaneous inferential trait a representation of the identity of the actor, or is it merely a reflection of the face and the simple cooccurrence of the behavior? There is plenty of experimental evidence to support both possibilities, but the direction of the association of spontaneous trait reasoning is still in dispute. In theory, previous researches on spontaneous trait reasoning mostly use behavioral research paradigm to explore the directivity of spontaneous trait reasoning, and few people use event-related potential (ERPs) technology to search for the brain nerve evidence about the directional problem. Based on behavioral experiments and event-related potentials, this study explored the directivity of spontaneous trait reasoning by using E-prime programming and NeuroScan37 ERP recording and analysis system. Experiments 1 and 2 discuss the directionality of spontaneous trait reasoning using the adapted error recognition paradigm. Based on the experimental paradigm of Bartholow et al. (2001 / 2003) and ERP technique, this paper discusses the directivity of spontaneous trait reasoning from the point of view of neural mechanism. The results are as follows: (1) the responses of the participants to the implicit trait judgment of the behavior were higher than those of the others, and the false recognition rate of the participants' faces was significantly higher than that of the others. The results showed that the behavior had more trait association advantage than others. (2) the reaction time of implicit trait judgment to the behavior was significantly higher than that of the static object, and the false recognition rate of the behavior face was significantly higher than that of the static object. The results show that the behavior has more characteristic association advantage than the static object. (3) in the early components of ERPs, the actor induces a larger amplitude and a longer latency than others. In the early and late components of P3, the others induced a larger amplitude and a shorter latency than the actors. To a certain extent, it shows that the actor has more special connective advantage than others. The above results show that spontaneous trait reasoning has the effect of associative dominance. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for the study of spontaneous trait reasoning. In addition, spontaneous trait reasoning plays an important role in interpersonal communication and job application.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2210140
[Abstract]:Spontaneous trait reasoning is an implicit reasoning process in which individuals infer their personality traits and form impressions according to the behavior information of others without any specific purpose or even without being aware of it. In recent decades, spontaneous trait reasoning plays an important role in the study of social cognition. The traditional behavior experiment task discusses the universal characteristics of spontaneous trait reasoning. Although the existence of spontaneous trait reasoning can be confirmed to a great extent, it is difficult to clearly explain the neural basis and brain mechanism. In recent years, with the gradual spread of brain imaging technology, social cognitive neuroscience is gradually popularizing and making more prosperous progress. This series of factors also make the exploration of brain mechanism and neural mechanism of spontaneous trait reasoning become the key research field of social cognitive neuroscience. Is the spontaneous inferential trait a representation of the identity of the actor, or is it merely a reflection of the face and the simple cooccurrence of the behavior? There is plenty of experimental evidence to support both possibilities, but the direction of the association of spontaneous trait reasoning is still in dispute. In theory, previous researches on spontaneous trait reasoning mostly use behavioral research paradigm to explore the directivity of spontaneous trait reasoning, and few people use event-related potential (ERPs) technology to search for the brain nerve evidence about the directional problem. Based on behavioral experiments and event-related potentials, this study explored the directivity of spontaneous trait reasoning by using E-prime programming and NeuroScan37 ERP recording and analysis system. Experiments 1 and 2 discuss the directionality of spontaneous trait reasoning using the adapted error recognition paradigm. Based on the experimental paradigm of Bartholow et al. (2001 / 2003) and ERP technique, this paper discusses the directivity of spontaneous trait reasoning from the point of view of neural mechanism. The results are as follows: (1) the responses of the participants to the implicit trait judgment of the behavior were higher than those of the others, and the false recognition rate of the participants' faces was significantly higher than that of the others. The results showed that the behavior had more trait association advantage than others. (2) the reaction time of implicit trait judgment to the behavior was significantly higher than that of the static object, and the false recognition rate of the behavior face was significantly higher than that of the static object. The results show that the behavior has more characteristic association advantage than the static object. (3) in the early components of ERPs, the actor induces a larger amplitude and a longer latency than others. In the early and late components of P3, the others induced a larger amplitude and a shorter latency than the actors. To a certain extent, it shows that the actor has more special connective advantage than others. The above results show that spontaneous trait reasoning has the effect of associative dominance. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for the study of spontaneous trait reasoning. In addition, spontaneous trait reasoning plays an important role in interpersonal communication and job application.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
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