社会排斥对工作记忆的影响

发布时间：2018-08-29 15:23

【摘要】：社会排斥是与社会接纳相对立的一个概念，指个体不能得到家庭成员、同伴或社会团体的接纳，受到他们的排斥，个体的归属需要受到阻碍的社会现象。工作记忆是个体执行认知任务时，暂时储存有限信息并及时提取和灵活运用相关信息的一种程序，是思维过程的一个基础支撑结构，是个体在很多认知活动中有差异的一个重要原因，对个体的学习、推理、思维、问题解决和决策等高级复杂的认知活动发挥着至关重要的作用,可能是被排斥者认知能力下降主要心理机制。本研究主要采用Sternberg的项目再认任务和N-back任务两种范式，探讨社会排斥对个体言语工作记忆和空间工作记忆的影响。结果显示:（1）社会排斥对个体工作记忆的影响模式产生了分离。在以语音环为基础的言语工作记忆任务中，两组被试的反应时、准确率及漏报率均无显著差异，而在以视空间模板为基础的空间工作记忆任务条件下，排斥组被试比接受组反应更慢，准确率更差，同时更有较高的漏报率。（2）在项目再认范式中，社会排斥与空间工作记忆负荷产生了显著的交互作用。随着记忆负荷的增加，排斥组和接受组被试的空间工作记忆成绩都显著下降。相对于低负荷空间工作记忆条件，排斥组被试在高负荷空间工作记忆条件下反应变慢的程度比接受组更小，但排斥组被试在高负荷空间工作记忆条件下反应准确率变低的程度却比接受组被试更大；同时，排斥组被试在高空间工作记忆负荷条件下反应漏报错误率变高的程度比接受组被试更大。（3）在n-back范式中，社会排斥与空间工作记忆负荷也产生了显著的交互作用，其研究分析结果与项目再认范式中的结果一致。因此，本研究得出以下结论:（1）社会排斥导致了个体空间工作记忆成绩的显著下降，对空间工作记忆产生了抑制作用，却没有显著地影响个体的言语工作记忆。（2）随着空间工作记忆负荷的增加，社会排斥的抑制作用也会越来越大。
[Abstract]:Social exclusion is a concept contrary to social acceptance, which refers to the social phenomenon that individuals cannot be accepted by family members, peers or social groups, are excluded by them, and their ownership needs to be hindered. Working memory is a program that temporarily stores limited information and extracts and flexibly applies relevant information when individuals perform cognitive tasks. It is a basic supporting structure of thinking process. It is an important reason for individual differences in many cognitive activities. It plays an important role in learning, reasoning, thinking, problem solving and decision making. It may be the main psychological mechanism of cognitive decline in the ostracized patients. In this study, the effects of social exclusion on individual verbal working memory and spatial working memory were investigated by using the two paradigms of Sternberg's project recognition task and N-back task. The results showed that: (1) the influence of social exclusion on individual working memory was separated. In the speech working memory task based on phonetic loop, there was no significant difference in the response time between the two groups, but in the spatial working memory task based on the visual spatial template, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The rejection group had slower response, lower accuracy and higher underreporting rate than the receiving group. (2) in the item recognition paradigm, social exclusion had a significant interaction with the spatial working memory load. With the increase of memory load, the scores of spatial working memory in both rejection group and recipient group decreased significantly. Compared with the working memory condition in low load space, the degree of slow response in the rejection group was lower than that in the receiving group under the working memory condition of high load space. However, the degree of response accuracy in the rejection group was lower than that in the receiving group under the condition of working memory in high load space; at the same time, the rate of response in the rejection group was higher than that in the receiving group. In the rejection group, the rate of response error was higher than that in the receiving group under the condition of high spatial working memory load. (3) in the n-back paradigm, the interaction between social exclusion and spatial working memory load was also significant. The results of the research and analysis are consistent with those in the pattern of project recognition. Therefore, the conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Social exclusion leads to a significant decline in the scores of individual spatial working memory, which has an inhibitory effect on spatial working memory. But it did not significantly affect the individual speech working memory. (2) with the increase of spatial working memory load, the inhibition of social exclusion will become more and more serious.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

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