最大化和满意型决策风格的风险倾向类型及在模糊决策任务中的差异研究
发布时间：2018-08-30 10:24
【摘要】：生活中不同的人面临同样的事件会有不同的选择,Schwartz等人根据理论选择模型和有限选择模型理论,提出了最大化和满意型两种决策风格的理论,他们认为持最大化决策风格的个体追求事件选项和结果上的最优,而持满意型决策风格的个体在选项和结果上只求满足自身的标准。两种决策风格的个体在决策时表现出多方面的差异,这种差异不仅表现在面临事件的选项上,也表现在事件选择的结果上。近年来,对于这两种决策风格在决策上表现的研究也越来越多,特别是在模糊决策中的研究,因为模糊决策是在对决策规则不明确下进行的选择,这种决策更接近于我们真实的日常生活中的决策情境。纵观以往的研究成果,多是采用文献综述和测量的方法加以研究,而利用行为实验方法研究这两种决策风格表现的寥寥无几。本研究采用最大化量表,风险倾向区分的BART任务和模糊决策的IGT任务范式来对这两种决策风格的个体在决策上的差异表现进行了研究。通过风险倾向的BART任务实验发现:两种风格的决策者在完成任务中获取金钱的金额和对气球的平均充气次数均差异显著,表明最大化风格的决策者在决策中风险倾向性高,而满意型风格的决策者风险倾向性低。同时也说明最大化风格的决策者在决策中更趋于冒险,满意型风格的决策者在决策中更趋于保守。通过模糊决策的IGT任务实验发现,两种风格的决策者在任务完成上获得的金钱的金额差异显著,满意型风格的决策者在IGT任务上获得的金钱金额数量比最大化风格的决策者更多,而两种风格的决策者在净分和冒险分数上的差异并不显著。分析两种风格的被试完成任务的净分变化过程发现,最大化风格的决策者在任务前5组的净分表现起伏不定,后5组稳步上升;满意型风格决策者在第2组以后净分一直稳步上升,表明最大化风格决策者在选项上会不断尝试,试图找到最优选项,因而出现净分不断波动现象。而满意型风格决策者在选项上只需要满足自己内在标准的要求,对选项的找寻比较少,因此在净分上表现稳步提升。结合BART实验的结果,最大化风格的决策者在决策过程中风险倾向更高,因此在IGT任务上表现出更多的不断尝试选择不同选项,而满意型风格的决策者风险倾向更低,因此其在IGT任务上的表现更稳定,但随着最大化风格的决策者逐渐认识实验规律后,两种决策风格的被试在决策任务上的表现便趋向于一致。
[Abstract]:In life, different people face the same events and have different choices. Schwartz et al., according to the theory of choosing model and the theory of finite choice model, put forward two kinds of decision styles of maximization and satisfaction. They think that individuals with maximum decision style pursue the best choice of event and result, while individuals with satisfactory decision style only seek to meet their own criteria in terms of options and results. There are many differences between the two styles of decision making, not only in the choice of event, but also in the result of event selection. In recent years, there have been more and more researches on the performance of these two styles of decision-making, especially in fuzzy decision-making, because fuzzy decision-making is a choice made under the uncertainty of the decision rules. This kind of decision is closer to the real situation in our daily life. Throughout the past research results, most of them are studied by literature review and measurement methods, but very few of them are studied by behavioral experiment method. In this study, we used maximization scale, risk-prone BART task and fuzzy decision IGT task paradigm to study the difference between the two decision-making styles. Through the BART task experiment of risk propensity, it is found that the two styles of decision makers have significant differences in the amount of money received and the average inflatable times of the balloon in the completion of the task, which indicates that the decision makers with the maximum style have a high risk tendency in the decision-making process. The decision makers with satisfactory style have low risk tendency. It also shows that the decision makers with maximum style tend to be more adventurous in decision-making, and those with satisfactory style tend to be more conservative in decision-making. Through the IGT task experiment of fuzzy decision making, it is found that there is a significant difference between the two styles of decision makers in terms of the amount of money they get on task completion. Satisfied decision makers get more money on IGT tasks than maximized ones, but there is no significant difference in net score and risk score between the two styles. By analyzing the process of the net score change of the two styles, we found that the decision-makers with the maximum style showed fluctuating net scores in the first five groups of tasks, and steadily rising in the latter five groups. The net score of the satisfied style decision-maker has been rising steadily since the second group, which indicates that the maximization style decision-maker will try to find the best option, so the net score will fluctuate continuously. On the other hand, satisfaction style decision makers only need to meet the requirements of their own internal standards on the options, and less search for the options, so the performance of the net score is improving steadily. Combined with the results of BART experiment, the decision makers with maximized style have higher risk propensity in the decision-making process, so they show more and more attempts to choose different options on the IGT task, while the decision makers with satisfactory style have lower risk propensity. Therefore, its performance on IGT tasks is more stable, but as the decision makers with the maximum style gradually understand the experimental rules, the performance of the two decision styles tends to be consistent on the decision-making tasks.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848
本文编号：2212788
[Abstract]:In life, different people face the same events and have different choices. Schwartz et al., according to the theory of choosing model and the theory of finite choice model, put forward two kinds of decision styles of maximization and satisfaction. They think that individuals with maximum decision style pursue the best choice of event and result, while individuals with satisfactory decision style only seek to meet their own criteria in terms of options and results. There are many differences between the two styles of decision making, not only in the choice of event, but also in the result of event selection. In recent years, there have been more and more researches on the performance of these two styles of decision-making, especially in fuzzy decision-making, because fuzzy decision-making is a choice made under the uncertainty of the decision rules. This kind of decision is closer to the real situation in our daily life. Throughout the past research results, most of them are studied by literature review and measurement methods, but very few of them are studied by behavioral experiment method. In this study, we used maximization scale, risk-prone BART task and fuzzy decision IGT task paradigm to study the difference between the two decision-making styles. Through the BART task experiment of risk propensity, it is found that the two styles of decision makers have significant differences in the amount of money received and the average inflatable times of the balloon in the completion of the task, which indicates that the decision makers with the maximum style have a high risk tendency in the decision-making process. The decision makers with satisfactory style have low risk tendency. It also shows that the decision makers with maximum style tend to be more adventurous in decision-making, and those with satisfactory style tend to be more conservative in decision-making. Through the IGT task experiment of fuzzy decision making, it is found that there is a significant difference between the two styles of decision makers in terms of the amount of money they get on task completion. Satisfied decision makers get more money on IGT tasks than maximized ones, but there is no significant difference in net score and risk score between the two styles. By analyzing the process of the net score change of the two styles, we found that the decision-makers with the maximum style showed fluctuating net scores in the first five groups of tasks, and steadily rising in the latter five groups. The net score of the satisfied style decision-maker has been rising steadily since the second group, which indicates that the maximization style decision-maker will try to find the best option, so the net score will fluctuate continuously. On the other hand, satisfaction style decision makers only need to meet the requirements of their own internal standards on the options, and less search for the options, so the performance of the net score is improving steadily. Combined with the results of BART experiment, the decision makers with maximized style have higher risk propensity in the decision-making process, so they show more and more attempts to choose different options on the IGT task, while the decision makers with satisfactory style have lower risk propensity. Therefore, its performance on IGT tasks is more stable, but as the decision makers with the maximum style gradually understand the experimental rules, the performance of the two decision styles tends to be consistent on the decision-making tasks.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 徐四华;;网络成瘾者的行为冲动性——来自爱荷华赌博任务的证据[J];心理学报;2012年11期
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