想象接触对群际信任的促进：接触意愿与社会距离的中介作用

发布时间：2018-08-31 08:30

【摘要】：在现实生活中,每个人都会与自身所在群体或是其他群体的个体发生各式的关系,群际交往理论指出,个体与个体积极的交流与互动可以很好的改进群际关系,但是个体往往对自己所属群体有着更多的偏爱,对此研究者也指出积极的群际接触是最有效的策略之一。研究表明,群际间的接触是改进群际关系的重要方法之一,比如有更强的群际间接触意愿,更小的群际社会距离,以及增进群际之间的信任感等,即使是想象与外群体成员的接触,也会有一系列积极的效果。群际接触可以有效改进群际间的关系,其中群际信任又是一个重要的方面,群际信任的增进,尤其是对外群体成员的信任,可以很好的促进群际关系的发展,形成和谐的群际关系。群际信任还在促进民族交往上起到重要的作用,直接影响到其积极发展,民族作为一个特殊的人口学变量,在实际的互动中经常会形成或亲或疏的群体关系,民族关系又是群际关系中的一个重要领域,任何一个民族都不是独立封闭发展的,总是在与其他民族的交往过程中不断壮大的,因此我们需要创造更多的机会来促进民族间的和谐交流与发展,而想象接触作为一种有效的手段在促进群体间关系上发挥着至关重要的作用,因此我们从心理学的视角出发,采用想象接触的方法,从动态的民族交流过程角度来促进不同民族间的和谐交融,增进民族感情。此外,不同群体间的接触意愿是最接近实际行为的变量,对群际关系的发展可以产生积极的作用;群体间的距离又是体现和权衡个体之间和群际关系的重要指标,通常用来衡量群体间亲密关系的程度,也可以反映在不同民族交往的过程中。因此本研究从外显和内隐两个方面来探查想象群际接触对群际信任的影响,以及接触意愿和社会距离在想象接触和群际信任间存在的中介效应。通过实验我们主要得出以下结论:(1)想象接触有效的增进了群际间的信任。想象接触条件下的被试有着更高的外显和内隐信任得分,表现出了更强的接触意愿,更小的社会距离。(2)回汉被试在想象接触后都增强了群际信任,其中,回族被试对同宗教个体存在更多的群际认同,外显和内隐信任得分更高,接触意愿更强,社会距离更小。(3)接触意愿和社会距离在想象接触与外显群际信任之间存在中介作用,并且二者均为部分中介作用;在想象接触与内隐群际信任之间也存在中介作用,其中接触意愿为部分中介效应,社会距离为完全中介效应。
[Abstract]:In real life, everyone will have a variety of relationships with their own group or other groups of individuals. The theory of inter-group communication points out that the positive communication and interaction between individuals and individuals can improve inter-group relations very well. However, individuals tend to have more preference for their own group, and the researchers also point out that positive inter-group contact is one of the most effective strategies. Studies have shown that inter-group contact is one of the important ways to improve inter-group relationships, such as greater willingness to engage between groups, smaller social distance between groups, and increased trust between groups. Even imaginary contact with members of outside groups can have a series of positive effects. Inter-group contact can effectively improve inter-group relations, among which inter-group trust is an important aspect. The enhancement of inter-group trust, especially the trust of members of external groups, can promote the development of inter-group relations. Form a harmonious inter-group relationship. Inter-group trust also plays an important role in promoting ethnic exchanges, directly affecting its positive development. As a special demographic variable, ethnic groups often form or form close or sparse group relations in actual interactions. Ethnic relations are also an important field in inter-group relations. No nationality develops independently and in isolation, and it always grows stronger in the course of exchanges with other ethnic groups. Therefore, we need to create more opportunities to promote harmonious communication and development among nations, and imagination contact plays a vital role in promoting inter-group relations as an effective means, so we proceed from a psychological perspective. The method of imaginary contact is used to promote the harmonious blending of different nationalities and enhance the national feelings from the angle of dynamic national communication process. In addition, willingness to engage among different groups is the closest variable to actual behavior and can play a positive role in the development of inter-group relations, and inter-group distance is an important indicator for reflecting and weighing inter-individual and inter-group relations. Often used to measure the degree of intimacy between groups, it can also be reflected in the interaction of different ethnic groups. Therefore, this study explores the effects of imaginary inter-group contact on inter-group trust from explicit and implicit aspects, as well as the intermediary effects of contact willingness and social distance between imaginary contact and inter-group trust. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) imaginary contact enhances inter-group trust effectively. The subjects with imaginary exposure had higher scores of explicit and implicit trust, showed stronger willingness to contact, and smaller social distance. (2) the subjects of Hui Han increased inter-group trust after imaginative contact. The subjects of Hui nationality had more inter-group identity to the same religious individuals, higher scores of explicit and implicit trust, stronger willingness to contact, and smaller social distance. (3) there was a mediating effect between imaginary contact and explicit inter-group trust. And both of them are partial mediations, and there is also an intermediary effect between imaginary contact and implicit inter-group trust, in which the intention of contact is a partial intermediary effect, and the social distance is a complete intermediary effect.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.4

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