场认知方式对心理旋转加工过程影响机制的研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 15:59

【摘要】：自从谢波德提出心理旋转概念后,后续研究者已从不同角度对其进行了更深入的研究。然而,目前多数研究还是从实验被试和刺激材料两个方面对心理旋转现象开展研究,关于场认知方式对心理旋转影响的研究还相对较少。而这些研究尚未回答场独立被试和场依存被试的差异究竟发生在心理旋转过程中的哪个阶段或哪几个阶段?本研究采用不同维度的刺激材料,设计三个心理旋转实验,探讨了场独立被试和场依存被试之间的差异发生在心理旋转的哪个阶段,同时,分析朝向因素对这种差异的影响。在具体研究中,首先,使用镶嵌图形测验,筛选被试;其次,采用Jansen等人的心理旋转实验范式,设计了以字母、二维图形、三维立方体为刺激材料的实验,将心理旋转过程分为认知比较阶段、心理旋转准备阶段以及心理旋转阶段,通过对场独立被试和场依存被试在此三个阶段中的反应时进行差异性分析,结果表明:1.场独立被试和场依存被试在三个阶段中的差异性:(1)当以字母和立方体为刺激材料时,场独立被试和场依存被试在认知比较阶段和心理旋转阶段存在显著性差异;两组被试在心理旋转准备阶段差异不显著。(2)当以二维图形为刺激材料时,场独立被试和场依存被试在三个阶段均存在显著性差异。结果提示:在心理旋转过程中,场独立被试和场依存被试在认知比较阶段和心理旋转阶段存在显著性差异。2.朝向因素对心理旋转过程中两组被试差异的影响:(1)当以字母为刺激材料时,加入朝向因素后:场独立被试和场依存被试在认知比较阶段和心理旋转阶段的差异性仍然存在。(2)当以二维图形为刺激材料时,加入朝向因素后:场独立被试和场依存被试在三个认知阶段的差异性仍然存在。(3)当以三维立方体为刺激材料时,加入朝向因素后:场独立被试和场依存被试在认知比较阶段和心理旋转阶段的差异性仍然存在。结果提示:朝向因素对心理旋转过程中两组被试的差异无影响。结论:本研究结果支持了 Jansen等人提出的心理旋转存在三个认知阶段的观点。在三个认知阶段中,场独立被试和场依存被试之间的差异主要发生在认知比较阶段与心理旋转阶段,并且这种差异不受朝向因素的影响。
[Abstract]:Since Shepherd put forward the concept of mental rotation, further researchers have studied it from different angles. However, at present, most of the studies focus on mental rotation from two aspects: experimental subjects and stimulative materials, and the effect of field cognitive style on mental rotation is relatively rare. However, these studies have not yet answered the differences between field-independent subjects and field-dependent subjects in which stage or several stages of mental rotation. In this study, three psychological rotation experiments were designed using different dimensions of stimulus materials to explore which stage of mental rotation occurred between field independent subjects and field dependent subjects. At the same time, the influence of orientation factors on the differences was analyzed. In the specific research, first, the inlay graph test was used to screen the subjects; secondly, the experiment was designed using letters, two-dimensional graphics and three-dimensional cubes as stimulus materials, using Jansen et al.'s mental rotation experimental paradigm. The process of mental rotation is divided into three stages: cognitive comparison stage, mental rotation preparation stage and mental rotation stage. Through the analysis of the reaction time of field independent subjects and field dependent subjects in these three stages, the results show that: 1. The differences of field independent subjects and field dependent subjects in three stages are as follows: (1) when letters and cubes are used as stimulus materials, there are significant differences between field independent subjects and field dependent subjects in cognitive comparative stage and mental rotation stage; There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mental rotation preparation stage. (2) there were significant differences between the field independent subjects and the field dependent subjects in the three stages when the two-dimensional pattern was used as the stimulus material. The results suggest that there are significant differences between field-independent subjects and field-dependent subjects in cognitive comparative stage and mental rotation stage in the process of mental rotation. The influence of orientation factors on the differences between the two groups during mental rotation: (1) when the letter was used as the stimulus material, After adding the orientation factor, the differences between field-independent subjects and field-dependent subjects in cognitive comparison and mental rotation still existed. (2) when two-dimensional patterns were used as stimulus materials, After adding orientation factors, the differences between field-independent subjects and field-dependent subjects in the three cognitive stages were still present. (3) when three-dimensional cubes were used as stimulus materials, After adding the orientation factor, the differences between field independent subjects and field dependent subjects in cognitive comparison and mental rotation still existed. The results suggested that the orientation factor had no effect on the difference of mental rotation between the two groups. Conclusion: this study supports Jansen et al.'s view that there are three cognitive stages in mental rotation. In the three cognitive stages, the differences between field-independent subjects and field-dependent subjects occurred mainly in the cognitive comparison stage and the mental rotation stage, and the differences were not affected by orientation factors.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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