实验哲学崛起与理论心理学的科学创新

发布时间：2018-09-06 14:14

【摘要】：近年来,西方哲学界兴起的实验哲学运动常常被视为一场方法论的革命。她开创性地融合了实验心理学、认知神经科学、进化论、实验经济学等多学科的研究成果与研究方法,企图以此为古老的哲学问题研究带来新的力量。实验哲学虽然受到主流哲学的批判,但是从她发展的迅猛之势可知晓其强大的生命力与竞争力。理论心理学一直伴随着心理科学的成长与发展,但是作为一门独立的分支学科还是始于二十世纪六十年代末期,在经历了库克,‘罗伊斯等学者对理论心理学学科地位合理性的争取后,直到八九十年代理论心理学才进入到了一个“理论研究热潮”时期。进入21世纪以后,理论心理学的研究目光更多锁定在了研究方法的批判和反思,研究宗旨在于“重建科学方法论基础,为心理学研究提供新的视角和途径”(叶浩生,2002)。虽然获得了不少理论研究成果,但在发展之余仍然面临着困境与危机。有些学者对理论心理学持有“退回哲学心理学思辨旧路”的担忧,并质疑理论心理学能否产生实质性的研究成果。为了提升理论在心理科学中的研究地位,心理学理论工作者们必须探寻出一条兼具合理性与创新性的理论发展道路。纵观当前的科学发展,正显现出一种跨学科的综合发展态势。同时,彼岸的实验哲学也正在通过运用心理学、认知神经科学的研究成果与手段求得传统哲学争议的新解,许多研究结果都令哲学理论争议焕发生机。作为心理学临近学科的哲学正试图走出一条更具科学性的研究道路,那么理论心理学如何从其崛起中获得科学创新将是本文论述的重点,也研究意义之所在。本文以当前国外实验哲学兴起的现状探讨为主线,以史论结合、文理结合、宏观问题梳理与微观问题分析相结合的方式,运用文献分析和理论评述相结合的办法,围绕新千年以后分析哲学内部的哲学方法反叛现象进行整理分析,并以此为基础考察哲学与科学的融合能够给心理学尤其是理论心理学带来何种理论发展上的启示与借鉴。由实验哲学的崛起透视理论心理学的科学创新。本文的行文框架主要由两部分组成：首先,对分析哲学内部的实验哲学新支流进行介绍和梳理,总结归纳其兴起的历史背景、原因、主要研究方法以及具有创新性的研究成果；其次,从其崛起的诸多历史背景、现实进展和争论热点透视理论心理学如何运用科学的、客观的方法实现理论的创新与突破。这一部分将从实体理论和元理论两个切入点展开论述,并有针对性的对理论心理学科学创新的合理路径加以说明。 “科学”是各学科发展的风向标,无论是以实证经验研究为主的心理学还是以思辨为主的哲学都在向“科学”的方法靠拢。同时,任一学科的生命力均在于其研究成果的实践性,并最终体现在学科的价值层面。在心理科学内部,方法问题和价值问题偏偏构成了不可调和的矛盾,如何化解矛盾是心理学未来发展的关键。理论心理学站在这一矛盾的焦点上,构成了学科研究的困境。走出这一困境的关键是以开放且包容的态度及多元化的理论视角对学科未来进路进行探寻与分析。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the experimental philosophical movement in the western philosophical circles has often been regarded as a methodological revolution. She pioneered the integration of experimental psychology, cognitive neuroscience, evolutionism, experimental economics and other research results and methods, in an attempt to bring new strength to the study of ancient philosophical problems. It is criticized by the mainstream philosophy, but its strong vitality and competitiveness can be seen from its rapid development.
Theoretical psychology has always been accompanied by the growth and development of psychological science, but as an independent branch of psychology began in the late 1960s, after Cook,'Royce and other scholars to strive for the rationality of the status of theoretical psychology, until the 1980s and 1990s, proxy psychology did not enter a "theory" After entering the 21st century, the research of theoretical psychology has focused more on the criticism and reflection of research methods, aiming at "rebuilding the basis of scientific methodology and providing a new perspective and approach for psychological research" (Ye Haosheng, 2002). Although many theoretical research results have been obtained, they are still beyond development. Some scholars are worried that theoretical psychology will return to the old way of philosophical psychology and question whether theoretical psychology can produce substantial research results. The development path of new theory.
At the same time, experimental philosophy on the other side is seeking new solutions to traditional philosophical disputes through the use of psychological and cognitive neuroscience research results and means. Many of the research results have revitalized the controversy of philosophical theory. Philosophy is trying to find a more scientific way of research, so how to obtain scientific innovation from the rise of theoretical psychology will be the focus of this paper, but also the significance of research.
Based on the discussion of the current situation of the rise of experimental philosophy in foreign countries, this paper combines history with theory, literature with science, Macro-problems with micro-problems, and combines the methods of literature analysis with theoretical review to sort out and analyze the rebellious phenomena of philosophical methods in analytical philosophy after the new millennium. Based on the study of what kind of inspiration and reference can be brought to the development of psychology, especially theoretical psychology, by the fusion of philosophy and science, this paper explores the scientific innovation of theoretical psychology through the rise of experimental philosophy. This paper summarizes the historical background, reasons, main research methods and innovative research results of its rise. Secondly, from the historical background of its rise, realistic progress and hot debates, we can see how theoretical psychology uses scientific and objective methods to achieve theoretical innovation and breakthroughs. Discusses the two breakthrough points of theory and meta-theory, and explains the reasonable path of scientific innovation of theoretical psychology.
"Science" is the vane of the development of various disciplines. Psychology based on empirical research and philosophy based on speculation are all approaching to the "scientific" method. Meanwhile, the vitality of any discipline lies in the practicality of its research results, and ultimately embodies in the value of the discipline. How to resolve the contradiction is the key to the future development of psychology. Theoretical psychology stands at the focal point of this contradiction and constitutes the dilemma of discipline research. The key to get out of this dilemma is to explore the future path of discipline with an open and inclusive attitude and a pluralistic theoretical perspective. Search and analysis.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B84-0

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