听时距信息的空间表征及其认知机制
发布时间：2018-09-17 14:17
【摘要】：时间不同于其他的感觉刺激,人类对时间的意识也不同于其他感觉意识。许多与时间及时间意识相关的问题都一直吸引和困扰着哲学家和心理学家。其中一个基本问题是,时间是看不见、摸不着、称不到的,那人们是如何对之进行加工的呢?时间是如何存在于人们的头脑当中的?或者说,人们是如何表征时间的? 本研究主要关注的是时间信息的空间表征现象。时间是抽象的东西,因此需要借助于其他具体的实物来进行表征,其中空间是最重要的载体之一。近年来时间在空间中表征的现象被成为“心理时间线”。其含义具体是,反应时实验中,在正确率相当的前提下,与较晚时间(或未来)相比,个体左手对较早时间(或过去)的反应更快,右手对较早时间(或过去)的反应更慢。 对于心理时间线的机制问题,当前主要的关注在注意和反应编码之争上。这两种看法都得到一些研究的支持,此外还有研究认为两者都参与其中。 关于心理时间线形成原因的解释,相关的理论有隐喻理论、量值信息理论和具身认知理论。隐喻理论强调人类所使用的语言和隐喻在抽象概念表征中的作用；量值信息理论侧重于数字、空间和时间作为量值信息的共同之处；而具身认知理论则认为具体的身体及心理经验在抽象概念形成中起基础作用。 从时距信息的角度出发,本研究有两个目的：一是验证时距长短与左右空间及上下空间的相容性效应(即左右和上下走向的心理时间线),这为具身理论的看法提供了一定的支持；另一个则是考察其可能的认知机制。研究共包括三个实验,实验1采用长短不同的两个声音为实验材料,让被试用左右分布的按键分别对两个声音进行反应；实验3将按键改为上下分布,除此之外其他均与实验1相同。实验2将两类声音(长和短)的记忆及判断任务与Stroop范式结合,对机制问题进行考察。Stroop范式的做法是,让被试判断箭头的指向(左或右),其指向和其所在的位置(左或右)可能一致,也可能冲突。 实验得出以下结论： (1)长短不同的声音与左右空间存在相容性效应。被试用双手对长短不同的声音进行反应,相对于长音,左手对较短的声音的反应更快；相对于短音,右手对较长的声音反应更快。 (2)长短不同的声音与上下空间之间不存在相容性效应。被试用上下分布的按键对长短音进行反应的反应时没有差异。以上两个结果更适合用具身理论来解释。 (3)听觉时距信息与左右空间的相容性效应的机制仅存在于反应编码阶段。被试的反应时在时距和箭头指向之间存在交互效应,而在时距长短和箭头位置不存在交互效应。
[Abstract]:Time is different from other sensory stimuli, and human consciousness of time is also different from other sensory consciousness. Many problems related to time and time consciousness have been attracting and puzzling philosophers and psychologists. One of the basic questions is, time is invisible, untouchable, infamous, so how do people process it? How does time exist in people's minds? Or, how do people represent time? This study focuses on the spatial representation of time information. Time is abstract, so it needs to be represented by other concrete objects, in which space is one of the most important carriers. In recent years, the phenomenon of time represented in space has been called "psychological time line". Specifically, in the reaction time experiment, when the accuracy is equal, the reaction of the left hand to the earlier time (or the past) is faster than that of the later time (or the future), and the right hand to the earlier time (or the past) is slower than that of the later time (or future). As to the mechanism of psychological timeline, the main focus is on attention and response coding. Both views are supported by some studies, and others suggest that both are involved. As to the explanation of the reasons for the formation of psychological time line, the relevant theories include metaphor theory, quantitative information theory and physical cognition theory. Metaphorical theory emphasizes the role of human language and metaphor in abstract conceptual representation, and quantitative information theory focuses on the common features of numerals, space and time as quantitive information. The theory of physical cognition holds that physical and psychological experience play a fundamental role in the formation of abstract concepts. From the angle of time distance information, There are two purposes in this study: one is to verify the compatibility effect of the time span with the left and right space and the upper and lower space (that is, the psychological time line of left and right direction), which provides some support for the view of body theory; The other is to examine its possible cognitive mechanism. The study consists of three experiments. In experiment 1, two sounds of different lengths were used as the experimental materials, and the keys distributed to the left and right were used to react to the two sounds respectively; in experiment 3, the keys were changed to the up and down distribution. In addition, all others were identical to experiment 1. Experiment 2 combines the memory and judgment tasks of two types of sound (long and short) with the Stroop paradigm to examine the mechanism. Ask the subjects to determine the direction of the arrow (left or right), which may or may conflict with its location (left or right). The results are as follows: (1) there is a compatibility effect between sound and left and right space. The hands were tested to react to sounds of different lengths, and the left hand responded more quickly to shorter sounds than to long ones; to short sounds, The right hand reacts more quickly to the longer sound. (2) there is no compatibility between the different length of sound and the upper and lower space. There was no difference in the response time to the short or short tone by using the up and down distribution of keys. The above two results are more suitable to be explained by the appliance body theory. (3) the mechanism of the compatibility effect between auditory time-distance information and left and right space exists only in the stage of response coding. There was interaction between the reaction time and the arrow pointing, but there was no interaction between the length of time and the arrow position.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.1
本文编号：2246192
[Abstract]:Time is different from other sensory stimuli, and human consciousness of time is also different from other sensory consciousness. Many problems related to time and time consciousness have been attracting and puzzling philosophers and psychologists. One of the basic questions is, time is invisible, untouchable, infamous, so how do people process it? How does time exist in people's minds? Or, how do people represent time? This study focuses on the spatial representation of time information. Time is abstract, so it needs to be represented by other concrete objects, in which space is one of the most important carriers. In recent years, the phenomenon of time represented in space has been called "psychological time line". Specifically, in the reaction time experiment, when the accuracy is equal, the reaction of the left hand to the earlier time (or the past) is faster than that of the later time (or the future), and the right hand to the earlier time (or the past) is slower than that of the later time (or future). As to the mechanism of psychological timeline, the main focus is on attention and response coding. Both views are supported by some studies, and others suggest that both are involved. As to the explanation of the reasons for the formation of psychological time line, the relevant theories include metaphor theory, quantitative information theory and physical cognition theory. Metaphorical theory emphasizes the role of human language and metaphor in abstract conceptual representation, and quantitative information theory focuses on the common features of numerals, space and time as quantitive information. The theory of physical cognition holds that physical and psychological experience play a fundamental role in the formation of abstract concepts. From the angle of time distance information, There are two purposes in this study: one is to verify the compatibility effect of the time span with the left and right space and the upper and lower space (that is, the psychological time line of left and right direction), which provides some support for the view of body theory; The other is to examine its possible cognitive mechanism. The study consists of three experiments. In experiment 1, two sounds of different lengths were used as the experimental materials, and the keys distributed to the left and right were used to react to the two sounds respectively; in experiment 3, the keys were changed to the up and down distribution. In addition, all others were identical to experiment 1. Experiment 2 combines the memory and judgment tasks of two types of sound (long and short) with the Stroop paradigm to examine the mechanism. Ask the subjects to determine the direction of the arrow (left or right), which may or may conflict with its location (left or right). The results are as follows: (1) there is a compatibility effect between sound and left and right space. The hands were tested to react to sounds of different lengths, and the left hand responded more quickly to shorter sounds than to long ones; to short sounds, The right hand reacts more quickly to the longer sound. (2) there is no compatibility between the different length of sound and the upper and lower space. There was no difference in the response time to the short or short tone by using the up and down distribution of keys. The above two results are more suitable to be explained by the appliance body theory. (3) the mechanism of the compatibility effect between auditory time-distance information and left and right space exists only in the stage of response coding. There was interaction between the reaction time and the arrow pointing, but there was no interaction between the length of time and the arrow position.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.1
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