女性生理周期对面孔注意偏向的影响

发布时间：2018-10-08 19:20

【摘要】：生理周期是发生在女性子宫和卵巢的周期性变化。众所周知,女性会出现经前期或经期的身体不适或情绪不良。但是,也有较多的研究证据显示生理周期还会影响女性的认知、社会知觉和行为等。生理周期对面孔偏好的影响,便是其中之一。面孔是一种非常重要的外部刺激,包含着性别、年龄、种族、情绪等重要信息,这些信息对人类的社会交往和生存发展起着重要作用。因此,女性生理周期对面孔偏好的影响受到许多研究者的关注。以往研究发现,卵泡期女性比黄体期女性偏好更男性化的男性面孔,而黄体期女性比卵泡期女性更讨厌看起来不健康的男性面孔。这与不同生理周期阶段女性的荷尔蒙水平和进化意义有着重要关系。卵泡期的女性雌激素水平高,黄体酮水平低,具有很高生育能力,其进化意义是获得好基因；黄体期女性雌激素和黄体酮水平均高,处于怀孕或类怀孕状态,其进化意义是保护下一代。但以往研究中面孔偏好的结果是否会出现对面孔的早期注意加工中呢?因此,本研究主要从面孔性别和面孔吸引力这两大重要内容入手,并采用注意偏向的经典范式(点探测范式)来探索女性生理周期不同阶段(月经期、卵泡期、黄体期)对面孔的注意偏向及其成分。实验一旨在从面孔性别的角度探索生理周期对面孔注意偏向的影响。结果发现,卵泡期女性对男性面孔表现出显著的注意偏向和注意定向,黄体期女性则对女性面孔表现出显著的注意偏向和注意定向。实验二旨在探索女性生理周期对高低吸引力男女面孔注意偏向的影响。结果显示：被试对女性面孔注意偏向和注意脱离困难显著大于男性面孔,这符合女性自我性别偏见假设(即女性更喜欢女性面孔的假设)；黄体期对高低吸引力男性面孔的注意偏向显著小于卵泡期和月经期,对高低吸引力女性面孔的注意偏向均显著大于男性面孔,且黄体期存在对高低吸引力女性面孔的注意偏向和对高低吸引力男性面孔的注意回避和脱离易化；月经期对所有面孔的注意脱离困难显著大于黄体期,且月经期存在对高吸引力女性面孔的注意偏向,对高低吸引力女性面孔的注意脱离困难。本研究结果表明,女性生理周期确实会影响女性对面孔性别和面孔吸引力的注意偏向,这一结果来自随着生理周期变化荷尔蒙水平影响,且符合进化心理学中关于女性的择偶理论观点。本研究拓展了以往研究的内容和范围,为后续研究及现实生活提供启示和借鉴。
[Abstract]:Physiological cycle occurs in the female uterus and ovarian periodic changes. It is well known that women may experience premenstrual or menstrual discomfort or mood disorders. However, there is more evidence that physiological cycle also affects women's cognition, social perception and behavior. The effect of physiological cycle on face preference is one of them. Face is a very important external stimulus, including gender, age, race, emotion and other important information, which plays an important role in human social interaction and survival and development. Therefore, many researchers pay attention to the effect of female physiological cycle on face preference. Previous studies have found that women in follicular phase prefer more masculine faces than women in luteal phase, while women in luteal phase hate unhealthy male faces more than women in follicular phase. This is related to the hormone levels and evolutionary significance of women at different stages of physiological cycle. Women in follicular phase have high estrogen level, low progesterone level and high fertility, and their evolutionary significance is to obtain good genes. In luteal phase, both estrogen and progesterone levels are high, and they are pregnant or pregnant. Its evolutionary significance is to protect the next generation. But does the result of face preference appear in the early attention processing of face in previous studies? Therefore, this study mainly starts with the two important contents of facial gender and facial attractiveness, and adopts the classical paradigm of attention bias (point detection paradigm) to explore the different stages of female physiological cycle (menstrual period, follicular stage). Luteal phase) attention to faces and their components. Experiment one aims to explore the effect of physiological cycle on face attention bias from the angle of face gender. The results showed that in follicular stage women showed significant attention bias and attention orientation to male faces, while in luteal phase women showed significant attention bias and attention orientation towards female faces. The second experiment was to explore the effect of female physiological cycle on the attention bias of male and female faces with high and low attractiveness. The results showed that the attention bias and distraction difficulty of female faces were significantly higher than that of male faces, which was in line with the assumption of female self-gender bias (that is, women preferred female faces). In luteal phase, the attention bias of male faces with high and low attractiveness was significantly smaller than that of follicular and menstrual phases, and that of female faces with high and low attractiveness was significantly higher than that of male faces. In luteal phase, attention bias to female faces of high and low attractiveness and attention avoidance and detachment to male faces of high and low attractiveness were also found, and the difficulty of noticing out of all faces in menstrual period was significantly greater than that in luteal period. Moreover, the attention of high-attractive female faces and high-and low-attractive female faces were deviated from difficulties during menstrual period. The results of this study show that the female physiological cycle does affect the attention bias of women to face gender and face attractiveness, which results from the effect of hormone levels on the physiological cycle. It is in accordance with the theory of mate selection of women in evolutionary psychology. This study expands the content and scope of previous research, and provides inspiration and reference for follow-up research and real life.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.3

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