大学生心理压力与大脑结构的关系：神经质和外向性的中介作用

发布时间：2018-10-09 13:23

【摘要】：心理压力是由压力刺激引起的非特异性的生理和心理变化的一种综合性状态。心理压力对个体的身心健康有着重要的影响,并且也已经成为了众多领域关注的焦点,比如:管理学、医学和心理学等。长期的心理压力可能会使个体产生焦虑或抑郁情绪,同时焦虑和抑郁存在高相关,可能甚至是一种混合情绪。同时,由于不同的人面对相同的压力事件会有不同的反应,可能是受到个体人格本身的人格特质的影响,因此,本研究想探讨心理压力、人格与焦虑、抑郁间的关系,并且建立相应的关系模型。其次,随着核磁共振成像(MRI)技术的发展,我们可以在更精细的层面上研究心理压力与人格间的关系,从而进一步的了解心理压力对个体心理健康产生影响的机制,因此,在本研究中我们采用基于体素的形态学(VBM)分析方法研究心理压力与大脑结构的关系,并且探讨人格在大脑结构和心理压力间的关系。研究一,目的是探究心理压力、人格与焦虑、抑郁的关系,并且建立相应的关系模型。对410名大学生施测抑郁自评问卷、焦虑自评问卷、青少年生活事件量表、大五人格量表和心理压力量表,最终获得369份有效问卷。采用SPSS19.0和Amos20.0进行独立样本t检验、相关分析、回归分析和建立结构方程模型。研究二,目的在于探究心理压力的脑结构基础,并且进一步探究人格在心理压力与大脑结构间所起的作用。采用基于体素的分析方法(VBM),通过用心理压力问卷得分和大脑结构图像做相关分析,探讨心理压力与大脑结构间的关系。被试同研究一。此外,我们采用中介分析的方法探讨心理压力、大脑结构和人格间的关系,把背外侧前额叶和中央后回的灰质体积作为自变量,大五人格的五个维度分作为中介变量,心理压力的得分作为因变量。研究结果如下:(1)大学生的主要压力源来自于学习、人际关系和受惩罚;心理压力平均水平适中,但是个体间的差异较大;(2)在心理压力水平上存在着性别差异,女生的心理压力水平总体上高于男生;(3)心理压力、人格均对焦虑、抑郁情绪有影响;人格直接影响大学生的抑郁水平,也可以通过影响心理压力水平来影响个体的抑郁水平;人格通过调节心理压力水平影响大学生的焦虑水平;长期处于焦虑状态的大学生易产生抑郁情绪;(4)基于体素的形态学研究和问卷测查结合研究发现,心理压力的得分和背外侧前额叶的灰质体积显著正相关和中央后回的灰质体积显著负相关;(5)中介分析结果发现,神经质、外向性在左侧背外侧前额叶灰质体积和心理压力间起着部分中介的作用。
[Abstract]:Psychological stress is a comprehensive state of nonspecific physiological and psychological changes caused by stress stimulation. Psychological stress has an important impact on the physical and mental health of individuals, and has also become the focus of attention in many fields, such as management, medicine and psychology. Long-term psychological stress may lead to anxiety or depression, and there is a high correlation between anxiety and depression, which may even be a mixed emotion. At the same time, since different people have different reactions to the same stress events, which may be influenced by the personality traits of the individual personality itself, the present study wants to explore the relationship between psychological stress, personality, anxiety and depression. And establish the corresponding relational model. Secondly, with the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology, we can study the relationship between psychological stress and personality at a more precise level, so that we can further understand the mechanism of psychological stress on individual mental health. In this study we used morphologic (VBM) analysis based on voxel to study the relationship between mental stress and brain structure and the relationship between personality and mental stress. The purpose of the first study is to explore the relationship between psychological stress, personality and anxiety and depression, and to establish a corresponding relationship model. A total of 410 college students were tested with self-rating depression questionnaire, self-rating anxiety questionnaire, adolescent life event scale, college personality scale and psychological stress scale, and 369 valid questionnaires were obtained. Independent sample t-test, correlation analysis, regression analysis and structural equation model were carried out by SPSS19.0 and Amos20.0. The purpose of the second study is to explore the basis of brain structure of psychological stress and the role of personality in the relationship between psychological stress and brain structure. A voxel based analysis method (VBM), was used to investigate the relationship between psychological stress and brain structure by using psychological stress questionnaire scores and brain structure images to analyze the relationship between psychological stress and brain structure. Study 1. In addition, we used intermediary analysis to explore the relationship among psychological stress, brain structure and personality. The volume of gray matter in dorsolateral prefrontal lobe and posterior central gyrus was regarded as independent variable, and the five dimensions of Big five personality as intermediary variables. The score of psychological stress is a dependent variable. The results are as follows: (1) the main stressors of college students come from learning, interpersonal relationships and punishment; the average level of psychological stress is moderate, but the differences between individuals are great; (2) there are gender differences in the level of psychological stress. The psychological stress level of female students is generally higher than that of male students; (3) the psychological pressure and personality have an effect on anxiety and depression, the personality directly affects the depression level of college students, and it can also affect the individual depression level by influencing the psychological stress level. Personality affects the anxiety level of college students by adjusting the level of psychological stress; students who are in a state of anxiety for a long time are prone to produce depression; (4) morphological research based on voxel and combined with questionnaire research found that, The scores of psychological stress were positively correlated with the volume of gray matter in the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe and negatively correlated with the volume of gray matter in the posterior central gyrus. Extroversion partly mediates the volume of gray matter and psychological stress in the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

【参考文献】