不同距离条件下视觉反应的差异性研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 15:10

【摘要】：在日常生活中,以人类为首的所有动物,都会感受到外界传来的各种类型的信息,从而掌握外界的状况,以趋利避害。人类所获得的信息中,80%都是来自于视觉通道。视觉对于人类的生存是极为重要的。研究中,以个体作为研究中心,将视觉区分为近距离视觉(以个体为中心一臂以内的范围)和远距离视觉(距离个体一臂之外的视觉范围)。研究发现,对于两种不同距离的视觉来说,对它们的调节和控制分别是由大脑中不同的子系统来完成的。本研究以相关理论作为支撑以及进一步逻辑推理验证的前提性指导：1. Weiss等认为,健康被试在参与或完成近距离视觉的相关任务时,其大脑的背侧流会参与信息的加工；而当被试完成远距离视觉的相关任务时,其腹侧流会产生较大的激活。2. Previc的理论认为,背侧流主要接收来自大细胞通路的信息,该种细胞通路只对与亮度有关的信息敏感；腹侧流主要接收来自小细胞通路的信息,该种细胞通路对于亮度变化与色彩知觉都起作用。实验一采用白色实心圆点作为被试的目标探测任务,要求被试紧盯中心的注视点,并在周围可能出现的32个预提示位置中及时点击鼠标反应,找出其实际出现过的位置。被试需在近距离以及远距离(投影屏幕呈现)两种不同的视觉距离下分别做出反应。本实验试图探测被试对于不同距离呈现的刺激,其反应是否存在差异。结果显示,近距离条件下的被试反应成绩要优于被试对远距离呈现的刺激的反应。这说明,被试对于非彩色刺激的觉察,近距离条件下更具优势(达到显著水平)。本研究的实验二进一步扩展了实验,使用了绿色实心圆点作为被试的目标探测任务,实验条件和程序与实验一类似,试图检测被试对于非彩色刺激的不同距离下表现的差异性能否延伸到彩色刺激中,即对于彩色刺激目标的觉察,被试是否对不同距离呈现的实验表现不同。结果发现,被试在近距离条件下的成绩要远逊于其在远距离下相同任务的反应成绩,且被试对不同位置的实验刺激的反应成绩也存在差异。实验三将目标探测物的实心点颜色变为与背景颜色相同但亮度较高的颜色,试图探索只有亮度对相应的视觉神经进行激活时,是否依然存在不同距离的视觉差异反应。结果发现,被试对于近距离呈现的实验任务的反应成绩要好于远距离呈现的相同任务,且不同于实验一,实验刺激的位置不同也造成了被试反应的差异。综合本研究的实验结果,可以看出,人类大脑对于不同距离的视觉加工确实是由不同的子系统来控制和调节的,并且扩展了已有研究,对视野进行了更为精确的划分,有效地从行为实验的层面支持了Weiss等的理论假设。
[Abstract]:In daily life, all animals, led by human beings, will feel all kinds of information from outside, so as to grasp the situation of the outside world, in order to seek advantages and avoid harm. Eighty percent of the information we get comes from the visual channel. Vision is extremely important for human survival. In the study, the individual is used as the research center, and the vision is divided into close vision (the range within the arm centered by the individual) and long distance vision (the visual range outside the arm of the individual). The study found that for two different distances of vision, they are regulated and controlled by different subsystems of the brain. This study is supported by relevant theories and further logical reasoning verification of the leading guidance: 1. Weiss et al believe that the dorsal flow of the brain is involved in the processing of information when the healthy subjects participate in or complete the tasks related to close-vision, while the ventral flow activates greatly when the subjects complete the tasks related to long-range vision. According to Previc's theory, the dorsal flow mainly receives the information from the large cell pathway, which is only sensitive to the information related to brightness, and the ventral flow mainly receives the information from the small cell pathway. This cell pathway plays a role in both brightness changes and color perception. In experiment 1, the white solid dots were used as the target detection task of the subjects, and the subjects were asked to stare closely at the focus points of the center, and click the mouse in time to find out the actual positions in the 32 preset positions around them. Participants were asked to react at close range and long distance (projection screen presentation) at different visual distances. This experiment attempts to detect whether there are differences in the responses of the subjects to the stimuli presented at different distances. The results showed that the response scores of the subjects at close range were better than those of the subjects. This shows that the participants' perception of non-color stimuli is superior (significant level) at close range. Experiment 2 in this study further expands the experiment, using green solid dots as the target detection task of the subjects. The experimental conditions and procedures are similar to that of experiment 1. This paper attempts to test whether the differences in performance between different distances of non-color stimuli can be extended to color stimuli, that is, whether the participants' performance of different distances is different in terms of the perception of the target of color stimulus. The results showed that the performance of the subjects in the close-range condition was much lower than that in the same task at a long distance, and there were also differences in the response scores of the subjects to different experimental stimuli. In the third experiment, the solid spot color of the target is changed to the same color as the background color but the brightness is higher. The experiment tries to explore whether there is still a visual difference reaction at different distances when only the luminance activates the corresponding visual nerve. The results showed that the response score of the subjects to the close-range task was better than that of the long-distance task, and different from the first experiment, the different position of the experimental stimulus also resulted in the difference of the subjects' reaction. Combined with the experimental results of this study, we can see that the human brain for different distances of visual processing is really controlled and regulated by different subsystems, and expanded the existing research, the field of vision has been more accurately divided. It supports the theoretical hypothesis of Weiss et al effectively from the level of behavior experiment.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.2

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