基于神经影像学技术的工作记忆与珠心算训练效应研究
发布时间：2018-10-29 12:33
【摘要】：本研究探索了工作记忆(WM)个体差异的神经电生理指标,以及珠心算(AMC)对于WM的训练效应及其神经机制。研究采用多种实验范式,并结合事件相关电位(ERP)和事件相关同步化/去同步化(ERS/ERD)两种脑电模式来检测WM的个体差异。ERP可以反映认知活动的时程信息,其分析过程包括去除眼电伪迹、基线矫正、低通滤波、叠加平均等。而ERS/ERD能够提供脑网络的动态变化信息,其分析主要是对分片信号作离散傅里叶变换后计算感兴趣脑区的特定信号频段的相对功率变化。另外,本研究采用纵向设计,通过血氧水平依赖(BOLD)的功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术为AMC训练对WM的影响提供大脑活动模式上的依据。fMRI数据分析是在时间校正、头动校正、配准、平滑等一系列预处理之后,采用广义线性模型对数据作进一步统计分析。在网络分析上则使用图论通过图的多个拓扑性质来刻画脑功能网络各方面的属性。本论文中的研究一采用MODS和n-back范式,检测了WM的个体差异在脑电上的反映。结果发现WM容量低的被试更易受到任务负荷的影响。此外,WM不同的被试在进行认知加工时在ERP和ERS/ERD响应模式上都表现出显著差异,WM容量较高的被试表现出更高的P300波幅、更强的额叶θ波ERS以及更弱的顶叶α波ERD。本研究结果表明WM不同的个体在执行认知任务时存在本质差异,WM容量较高的个体能够高效地整合较少的神经资源将注意力集中于任务相关信息上。研究二采用记忆广度测试和视觉空间n-back范式,通过任务态fMRI探索了 AMC训练是否有助于提高年轻成人的语音和视觉空间WM。结果显示经过训练后,AMC组被试对于语音信息的WM容量比对照组被试更高。同时,AMC组被试在视觉空间WM任务中的表现得到明显改善,且与右侧额顶回路及左侧枕颞联合区的激活降低程度成正比。这意味着AMC训练效应能够迁移到个体的WM功能上,这种迁移效应的产生可能与视觉空间加工相关的神经资源在功能上的可塑性有关。研究三采用多种刺激类型的n-back范式,并结合静息态fMRI以及图论方法,探索了长期AMC训练对于儿童的WM功能及自发活动功能网络的影响。结果表明AMC训练有助于促进儿童WM的全面发展,同时加强WM神经网络的小世界属性,提高网络整体的信息传输效率。本论文研究揭示了WM不同的个体在认知加工过程中的行为表现和神经反应,填补了这一问题在脑电研究领域的空白。作为AMC训练成像研究领域的第一个纵向研究,本研究结果表明AMC对于计算能力的提高会全面地迁移到个体的WM功能上,为已有的AMC研究发现作了重要的延伸和补充。同时,本研究结果也为WM网络的功能可塑性提供了有力支持,对远迁移效应的神经机制研究具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to explore the neuroelectrophysiological parameters of individual differences in working memory (WM) and the training effect of (AMC) on WM and its neural mechanism. In this study, we used a variety of experimental paradigms, combined with event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related synchronization / desynchronization (ERS/ERD), to detect the individual differences in WM. ERP can reflect the time-history information of cognitive activity. The analysis process includes the removal of eye electrical artifacts, baseline correction, low pass filtering, superposition averaging and so on. ERS/ERD can provide the dynamic change information of the brain network, and its analysis is mainly to calculate the relative power change of the specific signal frequency band of the brain region of interest after the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the slice signal. In addition, the longitudinal design was used to provide the basis for the influence of AMC training on WM by using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD). FMRI data analysis was performed in time correction, head moving correction. After a series of preprocessing, such as registration and smoothing, the generalized linear model is used to further analyze the data. In network analysis, graph theory is used to describe the attributes of brain functional network through several topological properties of graph. In this paper, we used MODS and n-back paradigm to examine the individual difference of WM in EEG. The results showed that the subjects with low WM capacity were more susceptible to the task load. In addition, different subjects with WM showed significant differences in ERP and ERS/ERD response patterns during cognitive processing. Those with higher WM volume showed higher P300 amplitude, stronger ERS in frontal lobe 胃 wave and weaker 伪 wave ERD. in parietal lobe. The results show that there are essential differences in cognitive tasks among different individuals in WM. Individuals with high WM capacity can efficiently integrate fewer neural resources to focus on task-related information. In the second study, using memory span test and visual space n-back paradigm, we explored whether AMC training can improve the speech and visual space WM. of young adults through task-based fMRI. The results showed that after training, the WM capacity of the AMC group was higher than that of the control group. At the same time, the performance of visual space WM task in AMC group was significantly improved, which was in direct proportion to the decrease of activation of the right frontal parietal circuit and the left occipito-temporal joint area. This means that the AMC training effect can be transferred to individual WM function, and this migration effect may be related to the functional plasticity of neural resources related to visual space processing. In the third study, the effects of long-term AMC training on children's WM function and spontaneous activity function network were explored by using multiple stimuli n-back paradigm, resting fMRI and graph theory. The results show that AMC training can promote the overall development of WM in children, strengthen the small-world attribute of WM neural network, and improve the overall information transmission efficiency of the network. The present study reveals the behavior and neural responses of different individuals in WM during cognitive processing, and fills up the gaps in the field of EEG research. As the first longitudinal study in the field of AMC training imaging, the results of this study show that the improvement of computational power of AMC can be transferred to individual WM function in a comprehensive way, which is an important extension and supplement to the existing findings of AMC research. At the same time, the results of this study also provide a strong support for the functional plasticity of WM networks, which is useful for the study of the neural mechanism of distant migration effect.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.3
本文编号：2297707
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to explore the neuroelectrophysiological parameters of individual differences in working memory (WM) and the training effect of (AMC) on WM and its neural mechanism. In this study, we used a variety of experimental paradigms, combined with event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related synchronization / desynchronization (ERS/ERD), to detect the individual differences in WM. ERP can reflect the time-history information of cognitive activity. The analysis process includes the removal of eye electrical artifacts, baseline correction, low pass filtering, superposition averaging and so on. ERS/ERD can provide the dynamic change information of the brain network, and its analysis is mainly to calculate the relative power change of the specific signal frequency band of the brain region of interest after the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the slice signal. In addition, the longitudinal design was used to provide the basis for the influence of AMC training on WM by using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD). FMRI data analysis was performed in time correction, head moving correction. After a series of preprocessing, such as registration and smoothing, the generalized linear model is used to further analyze the data. In network analysis, graph theory is used to describe the attributes of brain functional network through several topological properties of graph. In this paper, we used MODS and n-back paradigm to examine the individual difference of WM in EEG. The results showed that the subjects with low WM capacity were more susceptible to the task load. In addition, different subjects with WM showed significant differences in ERP and ERS/ERD response patterns during cognitive processing. Those with higher WM volume showed higher P300 amplitude, stronger ERS in frontal lobe 胃 wave and weaker 伪 wave ERD. in parietal lobe. The results show that there are essential differences in cognitive tasks among different individuals in WM. Individuals with high WM capacity can efficiently integrate fewer neural resources to focus on task-related information. In the second study, using memory span test and visual space n-back paradigm, we explored whether AMC training can improve the speech and visual space WM. of young adults through task-based fMRI. The results showed that after training, the WM capacity of the AMC group was higher than that of the control group. At the same time, the performance of visual space WM task in AMC group was significantly improved, which was in direct proportion to the decrease of activation of the right frontal parietal circuit and the left occipito-temporal joint area. This means that the AMC training effect can be transferred to individual WM function, and this migration effect may be related to the functional plasticity of neural resources related to visual space processing. In the third study, the effects of long-term AMC training on children's WM function and spontaneous activity function network were explored by using multiple stimuli n-back paradigm, resting fMRI and graph theory. The results show that AMC training can promote the overall development of WM in children, strengthen the small-world attribute of WM neural network, and improve the overall information transmission efficiency of the network. The present study reveals the behavior and neural responses of different individuals in WM during cognitive processing, and fills up the gaps in the field of EEG research. As the first longitudinal study in the field of AMC training imaging, the results of this study show that the improvement of computational power of AMC can be transferred to individual WM function in a comprehensive way, which is an important extension and supplement to the existing findings of AMC research. At the same time, the results of this study also provide a strong support for the functional plasticity of WM networks, which is useful for the study of the neural mechanism of distant migration effect.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.3
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