怀旧对早期成年人友谊质量的提升及依恋风格的调节作用

发布时间：2018-10-29 15:09

【摘要】：友谊对个体的人格发展和社会功能具有重要影响,拥有较高友谊质量的个体通常具有较高的社交能力、社会适应性和主观幸福感,但目前有关如何提升友谊质量的研究尚不丰富,更少见针对成年早期群体友谊质量的研究。近期有关怀旧的研究中揭示了怀旧对个体心理健康的积极作用,如增强社会联结感、提高归属感、降低孤独感等。而这些方面与个体的友谊质量息息相关,故本文提出将怀旧引入友谊质量的研究,并具体考察怀旧对友谊质量的影响。本文两个研究采用实验法,从一对一和一对多两个层面探究状态性怀旧和特质性怀旧对早期成年人友谊质量的影响,以及依恋风格在这一过程中起到的调节的作用。总的来说,状态性怀旧对友谊质量具有提升作用,特质性怀旧对友谊质量具有正向预测作用,结果揭示了不同怀旧特质和依恋风格的个体在高状态性怀旧条件下的友谊质量提升度不同。具体来说:研究一结果显示,在一对一的个体友谊关系中,状态性怀旧对友谊质量具有提升作用,特质性怀旧对友谊质量具有正向预测作用,不同怀旧特质的个体在高状态性怀旧条件下对友谊质量的评分均有显著提升;投入型、恐惧型和安全型个体在高状态性怀旧条件下能够获得较多的友谊质量提升,但冷漠型个体在两种怀旧状态中差异不显著。研究二结果显示,在一对多的个体对群体的友谊关系中,状态性怀旧对友谊质量具有提升作用,特质性怀旧对友谊质量具有正向预测作用,不同怀旧特质的个体在高怀旧状态下对友谊质量的评分均有提升,其中低怀旧倾向的个体提升更多;投入型、安全型和恐惧型个体在高怀旧状态下对友谊质量的评分有明显提升,但冷漠型个体无论在一对一还是一对多的怀旧中,对友谊质量的评分均不存在前后测的显著差异。本研究所揭示的结果既是对友谊领域下相关研究的补充,聚焦于早期成年人的友谊质量,考察了不同怀旧特质和依恋风格个体的友谊质量;也是对怀旧相关研究的补充,在考察状态性怀旧的同时,加入了对特质性怀旧的考量,进一步探讨了怀旧对个体心理健康的影响,具有一定理论价值。此外,本研究也具有一定实践意义,研究结果提示,未来对于在人际关系特别是友谊关系中有困难和障碍的成年早期个体,可考虑使用怀旧的治疗方案,并可针对其依恋风格,进行"量身定做",帮助个体提高友谊质量,完善人际关系,进而提升个体的心理健康水平和幸福感。
[Abstract]:Friendship plays an important role in the development of personality and social function. Individuals with higher quality of friendship usually have higher social ability, social adaptability and subjective well-being. However, there is not much research on how to improve friendship quality, much less on early adulthood group friendship quality. Recent studies on nostalgia have revealed the positive effects of nostalgia on individual mental health, such as enhancing the sense of social connection, improving the sense of belonging, reducing loneliness, and so on. These aspects are closely related to the quality of friendship, so this paper proposes to introduce nostalgia into the study of friendship quality, and to investigate the influence of nostalgia on friendship quality. Using the experimental method, this paper explores the effects of state nostalgia and idiosyncratic nostalgia on the quality of early adult friendship from one to one and one to many levels, as well as the role of attachment style in regulating this process. In general, state nostalgia can improve friendship quality, and idiosyncratic nostalgia can positively predict friendship quality. The results revealed that different nostalgic traits and attachment styles had different degree of improvement of friendship quality under the condition of high state nostalgia. Specifically, the results of one study show that in a one-to-one individual friendship relationship, state nostalgia can improve friendship quality, while idiosyncratic nostalgia can positively predict friendship quality. The scores of friendship quality of individuals with different nostalgia traits were significantly improved under the condition of high state nostalgia. Under the condition of high state nostalgia, the individuals of investment, fear and safety can get more improvement of friendship quality, but there is no significant difference between the two kinds of nostalgia. The results of the second study show that in the friendship relationship between individuals and groups, the state nostalgia can improve the friendship quality, and the special nostalgia can positively predict the friendship quality. Individuals with different nostalgia traits had higher scores on friendship quality in high nostalgia state, and individuals with low nostalgia tendency were more likely to improve friendship quality. The score of friendship quality of input type, safety type and fear type was obviously improved in high nostalgia state, but there was no significant difference in the score of friendship quality between one to one and one to many nostalgia individuals in apathy type. The results of this study are complementary to the related studies in the field of friendship, focusing on the friendship quality of early adults, and examining the friendship quality of individuals with different nostalgia traits and attachment styles. It is also a supplement to the research on nostalgia. It is of theoretical value to study the influence of nostalgia on the mental health of individuals by adding the consideration of trait nostalgia while investigating the state nostalgia. In addition, this study also has some practical significance. The results suggest that in the future, nostalgic treatment can be considered for individuals with difficulties and obstacles in interpersonal relationships, especially in friendship, and can be targeted at their attachment style. "tailor-made" to help individuals improve the quality of friendship, improve interpersonal relations, and then improve the level of mental health and well-being of individuals.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.3

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