应激状态对跨期选择的影响研究

发布时间：2018-10-31 11:05

【摘要】：跨期选择是指个体对不同时间点成本与收益进行权衡,进而做出判断和选择的行为。跨期选择最早开始于19世纪的哲学研究,直到上个世纪以后才引起社会学家、经济学家和心理学家的关注。跨期选择不仅关系到个人的健康、幸福与财富,同时也影响到国家和世界的经济繁荣和健康程度。研究跨期选择,可以帮助人们认清在生活中做出不合理行为的原因,并且有助于探讨吸烟成瘾、酒精成瘾、病理性赌博、暴饮暴食、注意缺陷、多动障碍等一系列行为障碍和心理精神疾病的起因。个体的跨期选择行为受到诸如情绪、框架效应等因素的影响。研究中,多用时间折扣率来衡量个体的跨期选择行为。 本研究在前人研究的基础上,采用E-prime软件编制程序,通过三个实验系统地探讨了测量情境、时间框架、对跨期选择行为的影响,以及诱发应激状态后,个体的跨期选择行为是否有所改变。结合被试状态与外部条件来考察个体的跨期选择行为。 预实验目的：验证前人研究跨期选择时出现的的“动态不一致性”现象。方法：从某高校体育学院选出60名被试,采用时间框架2(具体时间VS延迟时间)的单因素被试内设计,通过被试的选项计算时间折扣率。结果：被试在具体时间框架下的时间折扣率显著高于延迟时间框架下的时间折扣率。结论：在个体的跨期选择中确实存在“动态不一致性”现象。 实验一目的：考察损失情境中是否会出现“动态不一致性”现象。方法：从某高校体育学院选出60名被试,采用2(收益情境VS损失情境)x2(具体时间框架VS延迟时间框架)的二因素被试内设计,通过被试的选项计算时间折扣率。结果：实验中测量情境、时间框架的主效应以及测量情境和时间框架的交互作用均显著。结论：损失情境中也出现跨期选择中的“动态不一致性”现象,在跨期选择中不能忽略损失情境这一影响因素。 实验二目的：探讨应激状态对不同条件下个体跨期选择行为的影响。方法：从某高校体育学院选出60名被试,采用2(收益情境VS损失情境)x2(具体时间框架VS延迟时间框架)x2(应激状态VS正常状态)的三因素完全随机设计,通过被试的选项计算时间折扣率。结果：1)无应激状态下,个体的跨期选择行为不存在时间框架在收益和损失情境中的分离；2)相比于正常状态,应激状态下被试在损失情境下比收益情境下更倾向于选择较近较小的选择；3)收益情境时,被试在应激状态下比在正常状态下更容易选择较近较小的选项,而在损失情境中更容易选择较大较远的选项；被试在具体时间框架下比在延迟框架下更容易选择较近较小的选项,而在损失情境时不存在这种差异；4)具体时间框架时,被试在应激状态下比在正常状态下更容易选择较近较小的选项,而在延迟时间框架时这种差异不明显。结论：应激状态会对被试的跨期选择行为造成影响,并且在不同的条件下影响不同。 总之,应激状态对个体跨期选择的影响同测量情境和时间框架有显著的交互作用,对不同条件下的跨期选择影响也存在差异,未来的研究可以深入探讨这些差异的神经机制。
[Abstract]:Cross-period selection refers to the individual's trade-off between cost and income of different time points, and then makes judgment and selection behavior. The first began in the 19th century philosophical research, until the last century has attracted the attention of sociologists, economists and psychologists. Cross-period selection not only affects the health, happiness and wealth of individuals, but also affects the economic prosperity and health of the country and the world. The study of cross-period selection can help people understand the causes of unreasonable behaviors in life, and help to explore the causes of a series of behavioral disorders such as smoking addiction, alcohol addiction, pathological gambling, overeating, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and mental illness. The cross-period selection behavior of an individual is influenced by factors such as mood, frame effect, etc. In the research, the multi-purpose time discount rate is used to measure the cross-period selection behavior of an individual. On the basis of the previous researches, the author uses the E-prime software to prepare the program, systematically discusses the measurement situation, the time frame, the influence on the cross-period selection behavior and the induced equilibrium state, and whether the individual's cross-period selection behavior is different. To examine the cross-phase selection of an individual in combination with the tested status and external conditions. Behavior. Pre-experimental purpose: To verify the 'dynamic inconsistency' phenomenon. Methods: 60 subjects were selected from a college physical education college, and the single factor with time frame 2 (specific time vs. delay time) was designed and calculated by the test option. Time discount rate. Result: The time discount rate tested under the specific time frame is significantly higher than that under the delay time frame Time discount rate. Conclusion: In the individual's cross-period selection, it does exist "dynamic input" phenomenon. Experiment One Objective: To investigate whether trunk> dynamic inconsistency is present in the loss scenario phenomenon. Method: 60 subjects were selected from a college physical education institute and two factors of 2 (income scenario vs. loss scenario) x2 (specific time frame vs. delay time frame) were designed to be tested by trial. Results: The main effect of the measurement situation and time frame in the experiment, as well as the measurement context and time frame. Conclusion: The 鈥渄ynamic inconsistency鈥，

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