中文阅读中情绪词加工的老化效应：来自眼动研究的证据

发布时间：2018-10-31 19:28

【摘要】：拼音语言文字的研究发现,老年人比年轻人存在更大的阅读困难。与年轻人相比,老年人在阅读过程中的注视时间更长、回视次数更多。以英语为母语的老年阅读者也倾向于采取风险阅读策略,他们的跳读率更高,眼跳幅度更长。但是,汉语属于不同于拼音文字的正字法语言系统。那么,汉语老年阅读者是否也存在更大的阅读困难,风险阅读策略是否能够推广到中文阅读中,目前相关的研究还比较少。此外,情绪意义也会对词汇加工过程产生影响。以往有关情绪词的大多数研究采用行为、脑电和核磁共振成像技术考察了年轻人的情绪词加工,发现与中性词相比,情绪词存在加工优势。那么,情绪词的加工优势是否能够推广到老年群体中,目前还不是很清楚。另外,以往的研究发现词汇加工存在注视位置效应,并且老年人比年轻人更倾向于注视双字词的首字位置。那么,首字情绪性是否会影响情绪词的加工,也是一个值得探讨的问题。本论文包含两项研究,共4个实验。研究一采用眼动追踪技术考察了整词情绪性对情绪词加工的影响。其中,实验1和实验2分别考察了大学生和老年人在自然阅读情境下对正性情绪词和负性情绪词的加工。在研究一的基础上,研究二进一步考察了首字情绪性对情绪词加工的影响。其中,实验3和实验4分别考察了大学生和老年人对首字正性情绪词和首字负性情绪词的加工。在本研究条件下,得出以下结论:(1)与年轻人相比,汉语老年阅读者的注视时间更长、注视次数和回视次数更多,这与拼音文字研究结果一致。这表明老年人比年轻人有更大的阅读困难,并且这种与年龄相关的阅读困难是稳定存在的。(2)与年轻人相比,老年人在阅读汉语时表现出跳读率更低、眼跳幅度更短,这与拼音文字研究结果不一致。这表明汉语老年阅读者并不是采取风险阅读策略而是倾向于采用谨慎阅读策略。这种差异反映了汉语阅读系统的独特的视觉和语言学要求。(3)首字情绪性会影响词汇的加工过程。与首字中性情绪词相比,首字负性情绪词的注视时间更长,这种负性情绪的注意偏向特别体现在老年阅读者身上。这表明首字情绪性对老年人的词汇加工过程有更大的影响。
[Abstract]:A study of Pinyin finds that older people have greater difficulty in reading than young people. Compared with young people, the elderly gaze longer and look back more often during reading. Native English-speaking elderly readers also tend to adopt risk reading strategies with higher skip rate and longer range of saccade. However, Chinese belongs to orthographic language system which is different from phonetic characters. However, there are few researches on whether Chinese elderly readers have more difficulty in reading and whether risk reading strategies can be extended to Chinese reading. In addition, emotional meaning also has an effect on lexical processing. Most previous studies on emotional words used behavior, EEG and MRI techniques to investigate the processing of emotional words in young people. It was found that compared with neutral words, emotional words had processing advantages. It is not clear, then, whether the processing advantage of emotional words can be extended to the elderly. In addition, previous studies have found that lexical processing has a fixation position effect, and older people tend to focus on the first word position of two-character words more than young people. Therefore, whether emotionality affects the processing of emotive words is also a question worth discussing. This paper consists of two studies, a total of four experiments. In the first study, eye movement tracking technique was used to investigate the effect of the emotion of the whole word on the processing of emotional words. Among them, experiment 1 and experiment 2 examined the processing of positive and negative emotional words in natural reading context for college students and the elderly respectively. On the basis of the first study, the second study further examined the influence of emotionality on the processing of emotional words. Among them, experiment 3 and experiment 4 examined the processing of positive emotive words and negative emotive words. Under the conditions of this study, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) compared with the young people, the Chinese elderly readers have longer fixation time, more fixation times and more times of looking back, which is consistent with the results of Pinyin study. This indicates that the elderly have greater difficulty in reading than young people, and this age-related difficulty is stable. (2) compared with young people, the elderly have lower skip rate and shorter range of saccade. This is inconsistent with the study of phonetic characters. This indicates that Chinese elderly readers tend to adopt cautious reading strategies rather than risk reading strategies. This difference reflects the unique visual and linguistic requirements of the Chinese reading system. (3) emotionality affects the processing of vocabulary. Compared with the neutral emotive words, negative emotive words have a longer fixation time, and the attention bias of negative emotions is especially reflected in the elderly readers. This suggests that emotionality has a greater impact on the lexical processing of the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.6

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