公平认知的个体差异性研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 08:09

【摘要】：近年来,公平问题受到了越来越多的重视,各个学科的学者对公平问题进行了广泛的研究。心理学界也开始对公平问题从各个方面进行研究,并且取得了丰硕的成果,然而关于公平认知的研究却相对较少。作者旨在借助公平敏感性问卷,从个体差异的角度来研究公平认知。公平敏感性是指个体对公平的不同偏好。这种偏好导致个体对公平或不公平的结果有稳定且个性化的反应。公平敏感性把人分成了三种人,一种是大公无私型,这种人偏好投入大于产出；一种是公平交易型,这种人偏好投入和产于相等；还有一种是自私自利型,这种人偏好投入小于产出。作者的研究目的就是要用实验的方法来研究这三种人在对与不公平相关的信息加工时是否有个体差异性。实验采用问卷法和实验法结合的方式,实验材料来源于现代汉语词典中的164个词语。作者邀请了30个不同专业的硕士研究生对这些词语进行标准化的评定,评定包括两方面,一方面评定这些词语与不公平的关系程度；另一方面评定这些词语的情绪效价。通过对统计结果的分析,最终得到符合实验条件的词语150个,包括与不公平有关的目标词和与不公平无关的控制词各60个,以及中性词语30个。实验一的材料有60个词组,每个词组有一个目标词和一个控制词组成,这些词语的使用频率和情绪效价等方面均保持一致。实验二材料是30个中性词。实验三采用实验一的实验材料。最终结果表明：(1)公平敏感性与性别有一定关系。与男性相比,女性更倾向于大公无私,而男性则更倾向于自私自利,同时公平敏感性是一个较稳定的人格维度,没有受到个体文化水平和知识结构的影响。(2)与公平交易型和大公无私型的人相比,自私自利型组的被试注意指数有显著差异,被试会自动化的注意到与不公平相关的信息。(3)在三种人中,自私自利型和公平交易型组的被试在评定中性词语没有显著倾向,而大公无私型组的被试倾向于认为中性词语与不公平无关,且有显著差异。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the issue of fairness. Psychology has also begun to study the issue of fairness from various aspects, and has achieved fruitful results, but the research on fair cognition is relatively rare. The author aims to study fair cognition from the perspective of individual differences with the aid of the fairness sensitivity questionnaire. Fairness sensitivity refers to the individual's different preferences for fairness. This preference leads to a stable and individualized response to fair or unfair outcomes. The sensitivity of fairness divides people into three types, one is the selfless type, the other is the fair trade type, which prefers the input and the output to be equal. Another is selfishness, where people prefer inputs less than outputs. The purpose of this study is to study whether these three individuals have individual differences in the processing of unfair information. The experiment adopts the method of questionnaire and experiment. The experimental materials come from 164 words in modern Chinese dictionary. The author invites 30 graduate students of different specialties to evaluate these words in a standardized way. The evaluation includes two aspects: one is to evaluate the relationship between these words and unfairness, and the other is to evaluate the emotional potency of these words. Through the analysis of the statistical results, 150 words which accord with the experimental conditions were obtained, including 60 target words related to injustice and 60 control words unrelated to unfairness, and 30 neutral words. In experiment one, there were 60 phrases, each of which consisted of a target word and a control word. The frequency of use of these words and their emotional potency were consistent. The second experiment consists of 30 neutral words. Experiment three uses the experimental material of experiment one. The results show that: (1) there is a certain relationship between gender and fairness sensitivity. Compared with men, women tend to be selfless, while men tend to be selfish, and fairness sensitivity is a more stable personality dimension. It was not influenced by the level of individual culture and knowledge structure. (2) there were significant differences in the attention index of the subjects in the selfishness group as compared with those in the fair trade type and the selfless group. The participants automatically noticed information related to injustice. (3) in the three groups of individuals, there was no significant tendency in the self-interest and fair trade groups to rate neutral words. The subjects in the selfless group tended to think that neutral words had nothing to do with unfairness, and there were significant differences.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.1

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