表达抑制调节负性情绪的男性优势——来自事件相关电位的证据

发布时间：2018-11-05 09:37

【摘要】：生活经验和文献证明,男性相比女性有更少的情绪表达行为。据此,本研究假设表达抑制进行负性情绪调节具有男性优势,而采用认知重评调节时可能没有该性别差异。在不同的实验阶段,被试分别采用自由观看、表达抑制和认知重评策略观看负性情绪图片,同时记录事件相关电位(ERP),以及使用各种策略之后的主观情绪体验。结果表明,采用表达抑制和认知重评调节情绪后,被试报告的负性情绪体验没有出现男女差异。然而,对ERP晚期正电位(Late Positive Potential,LPP)的统计分析发现,LPP的中期(2000~3000 ms)与晚期(3000~4000 ms)波幅均出现了调控策略与性别的交互作用。对男性而言,负性图片诱发的LPP波幅(2000~4000 ms)在表达抑制条件下相比自由观看条件出现显著降低,但女性没有出现上述效应。此外,在LPP各个时间窗口,采用认知重评策略进行情绪调节时均无显著性别差异。上述结果表明采用表达抑制策略进行负面情绪调节时,男性具有相比女性更好的调控效果。这提示男性比女性更适合采用抑制情绪表达的方式进行日常情绪管理。这种性别优势可能来源于社会对男女性性别角色的不同期望。
[Abstract]:Life experience and literature have shown that men have less emotional expression than women. Therefore, this study hypothesized that negative emotion regulation by expression suppression had a male advantage, but there might be no gender difference when using cognitive reappraisal regulation. In different stages of the experiment, the subjects watched the negative emotion pictures with the strategies of free viewing, expression inhibition and cognitive reappraisal, and recorded the event-related potential (ERP),) and subjective emotional experience after using various strategies. The results showed that there was no difference between male and female in negative emotion experience after adjusting emotion by expression inhibition and cognitive reappraisal. However, the statistical analysis of the late positive potential (Late Positive Potential,LPP of ERP showed that the amplitude of LPP in the middle (2000 ~ 3000 ms) and the late (3000 ~ 4000 ms) had the interaction of regulation strategy and sex. For men, the amplitude of LPP (2000 ~ 4000 ms) induced by negative images was significantly lower than that under free viewing conditions, but no such effect was found in women. In addition, there was no significant gender difference in emotion regulation using cognitive reappraisal strategy in each time window of LPP. These results suggest that the male has better regulation effect than the female when using the expression inhibition strategy to regulate the negative emotion. This suggests that men are more suitable than women for daily emotional management in ways that inhibit emotional expression. This gender advantage may stem from different expectations of gender roles for men and women.
【作者单位】：认知与人格教育部重点实验室(西南大学);西南大学心理学院;贵州师范大学教育科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(NSFC 31170989/31371042)
【分类号】：B842.6

【参考文献】