前瞻记忆的加工机制再探：来自眼动的研究
发布时间：2018-11-05 18:02
【摘要】：本研究基于双任务范式，旨在通过指导语控制任务条件，得到被试在不同任务条件下的前瞻任务和当前任务的成绩，并结合眼动追踪技术深层次探索前瞻记忆的加工机制。 实验一通过指导语控制被试在单一当前任务和双任务条件下完成任务，但在任务中并不出现前瞻记忆线索。结果发现，双任务下的反应时长于单一任务，，双任务下对前瞻线索的总注视时间、第一注视时间均显著长于单一任务，双任务下前瞻线索处的瞳孔直径显著大于单一任务，即使前瞻线索没有出现，当前任务受到了影响，前瞻记忆占用了一部分注意资源；实验二通过指导语控制当前任务的重要性，行为反应和眼动数据表明，与不强调任务重要性相比，强调任务重要的条件下，前瞻记忆反应的击中率较低，对前瞻线索的注视次数更多、注视时间更长。这表明当前任务的重要性对前瞻任务的完成有影响，在一定程度上造成前瞻记忆的完成率降低；实验三通过指导语操控了前瞻任务重要性变量，强调前瞻记忆任务重要的条件下，前瞻记忆反应的击中率较高,对前瞻线索的注视次数较多，注视时间较少，瞳孔直径较大，和回视次数增加。这些结果表明，在完成前瞻记忆任务时，个体认知资源是受特定加工策略支配的。 上述实验结果表明，前瞻记忆是一种需要占用认知资源的策略性认知加工过程，而眼动技术能对前瞻记忆过程进行实时的动追踪，并且提供多元化的数据支持，适合用于前瞻记忆加工机制的研究。
[Abstract]:Based on the two-task paradigm, the purpose of this study is to control the task conditions through the guidance language, to obtain the prospective task and the current task achievement of the subjects under different task conditions, and to explore the processing mechanism of prospective memory with eye movement tracking technology. In experiment one, participants were controlled to complete the task under the condition of single current task and double task, but there was no prospective memory clue in the task. The results showed that the response time was longer than that of single task, the total fixation time and the first fixation time of the prospective cues were significantly longer than that of the single task, and the pupil diameter of the prospective cues in the two tasks was significantly larger than that in the single task. Even if the prospective clues do not appear, the current task is affected, and the prospective memory takes up part of the attention resources; In experiment 2, the importance of the current task was controlled by the guidance language. The behavioral response and eye movement data showed that the hit rate of the prospective memory response was lower than that of not emphasizing the importance of the task. The gazing times of prospective clues were more and the fixation time was longer. This indicates that the importance of the current task has an impact on the completion of the forward-looking task, which to some extent results in the reduction of the completion rate of prospective memory. In experiment 3, the importance variables of prospective tasks were manipulated by the guidance language, which emphasized that the hit rate of prospective memory response was higher, the fixation times of prospective clues were more, the fixation time was less, and the pupil diameter was larger under the condition that the prospective memory task was important. And the number of backviews increased. These results suggest that individual cognitive resources are dominated by specific processing strategies in fulfilling prospective memory tasks. The experimental results show that prospective memory is a kind of strategic cognitive process that takes up cognitive resources, and eye movement technology can track the process of prospective memory in real time and provide a variety of data support. It is suitable for the study of prospective memory processing mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3
本文编号：2312889
[Abstract]:Based on the two-task paradigm, the purpose of this study is to control the task conditions through the guidance language, to obtain the prospective task and the current task achievement of the subjects under different task conditions, and to explore the processing mechanism of prospective memory with eye movement tracking technology. In experiment one, participants were controlled to complete the task under the condition of single current task and double task, but there was no prospective memory clue in the task. The results showed that the response time was longer than that of single task, the total fixation time and the first fixation time of the prospective cues were significantly longer than that of the single task, and the pupil diameter of the prospective cues in the two tasks was significantly larger than that in the single task. Even if the prospective clues do not appear, the current task is affected, and the prospective memory takes up part of the attention resources; In experiment 2, the importance of the current task was controlled by the guidance language. The behavioral response and eye movement data showed that the hit rate of the prospective memory response was lower than that of not emphasizing the importance of the task. The gazing times of prospective clues were more and the fixation time was longer. This indicates that the importance of the current task has an impact on the completion of the forward-looking task, which to some extent results in the reduction of the completion rate of prospective memory. In experiment 3, the importance variables of prospective tasks were manipulated by the guidance language, which emphasized that the hit rate of prospective memory response was higher, the fixation times of prospective clues were more, the fixation time was less, and the pupil diameter was larger under the condition that the prospective memory task was important. And the number of backviews increased. These results suggest that individual cognitive resources are dominated by specific processing strategies in fulfilling prospective memory tasks. The experimental results show that prospective memory is a kind of strategic cognitive process that takes up cognitive resources, and eye movement technology can track the process of prospective memory in real time and provide a variety of data support. It is suitable for the study of prospective memory processing mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3
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