外部指导与人格特质在高尔夫推杆表现上的逆效应研究

发布时间：2018-11-06 12:18

【摘要】：在重大竞技比赛过程中,优秀运动员没有发挥出应有的水平造成失误而导致比赛失败的现象屡见不鲜。教练的指导和运动员的努力反而得到了与期望完全相反的结果,这就是外部指导表现出的逆效应。而在运动教学和竞技比赛中,教师和教练的指导是取得良好教学效果和运动表现的重要因素,因此本文想探讨否定的外部指导在高尔夫推杆表现上是否会出现逆效应。此外,人格与学业成绩、竞赛表现之间也存在着复杂的相关关系,运动员某些人格特质与运动成绩之间具有显著相关。因此,本文还将探讨人格特质和被试成绩表现出的逆效应是否有关,不同的人格特质是否会影响成绩表现出的逆效应。本研究选取武汉体育学院高尔夫专业学生58人,进行单因素被试间实验设计,自变量为外部指导的方式,分为肯定和否定两个水平,因变量为被试的推杆成绩,即推杆球离球洞的方向、距离和进洞率。实验先测量不进行任何指导时的十次推杆基线成绩,然后把被试随机分为两组,一组接受肯定指导,另一组接受否定指导,进行十次推杆并记录实验成绩。实验结果表明,肯定组和否定组在左偏移距离和左不相符率上差异显著,否定组实际落球方向的偏移距离及其与否定指导语不相符合的比率都和肯定组具有显著差异,说明了否定的指导方式会产生逆效应。被试的人格特征和指导方式对推杆成绩的主效应不显著,但对左偏移距离进行事后多重比较发现,高I型人格和高C型人格、高S型人格和高C型人格之间差异显著。否定组中高S型和高I型人格的偏移距离更大,不相符率更高。说明高S型人格和高I型人格更容易出现逆效应。综上所述得出结论:(1)否定的外部指导在高尔夫的推杆表现上会出现逆效应;(2)被试的人格特质对推杆表现的逆效应有影响,高I型和高S型的个体更容易产生逆效应,说明人格因素在一定程度上影响着教学成绩和运动表现。
[Abstract]:In the process of major competitive competition, it is common for outstanding athletes to fail because of failure due to their failure. The coach's instruction and the athlete's effort have the opposite result with the expectation, which is the inverse effect of the external instruction. In sports teaching and competitive competitions, the guidance of teachers and coaches is an important factor to achieve good teaching results and sports performance. Therefore, this paper wants to explore whether the negative external guidance will have adverse effect on the performance of golf putt. In addition, there is a complex correlation between personality and academic achievement, competition performance, and there is a significant correlation between some personality traits and athletic performance. Therefore, this paper will also explore whether personality traits are related to the adverse effects of subjects' achievements, and whether different personality traits will affect the reverse effects of performance. In this study, 58 students majoring in golf in Wuhan Institute of physical Education were selected to carry out the experimental design of single-factor subjects, with independent variables as external guidance, divided into two levels: positive and negative levels, and dependent variables were the putt scores of the subjects. That is, the direction, distance and penetration rate of the putter ball from the hole. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: one group received positive instruction and the other group accepted negative guidance. The experimental results show that there are significant differences between the positive group and the negative group in the left deviation distance and the left mismatch rate, and the deviation distance of the actual drop direction of the negative group and the ratio of disaccord with the negative guide are significantly different from those of the positive group. It shows that negative guidance will produce inverse effect. The main effect of personality characteristics and guiding style on putt performance was not significant, but the multiple comparisons of left deviation distance showed that there were significant differences between high type I personality and high C personality, high S type personality and high C type personality. In the negative group, the deviation distance and mismatch rate of high S and high I personality were larger and higher. It indicated that high S personality and high I personality were more prone to reverse effect. To sum up the conclusions are as follows: (1) the negative external guidance will have the reverse effect on the putt performance of golf; (2) the personality traits of the subjects have an influence on the reverse effect of putt performance, and the individuals with high I and high S type are more likely to have inverse effects, indicating that personality factors affect teaching achievement and sports performance to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：武汉体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

【参考文献】