中美大学生饮酒行为及其影响因素的跨文化比较
发布时间：2018-11-14 15:04
【摘要】：研究目的 通过对中、美大学生饮酒行为及其影响因素进行调查分析,了解中、美大学生饮酒行为特点,分析中、美大学生病态饮酒行为内部机制的差异。跨文化探讨饮酒行为的影响因素,为控制大学生病态饮酒行为提供科学的参考。 研究方法 本研究使用压力感知问卷、冲动性问卷、病态饮酒问卷(DSM-IV中的饮酒部分)以及与饮酒行为相关的其他家庭社会化因素问卷,探讨中美大学生饮酒行为的特点和差异,以及影响大学生病态饮酒行为的内部机制。一共收集了1496名中国在校大学生和1190名美国在校大学生被试的数据,通过互联网在线答题的形式完成施测。采用卡方检验,t检验对不同性质的资料进行组间比较,采用结构方程模型对影响大学生病态饮酒行为的因素进行分析。 研究结果 (1)压力感知问卷、冲动性问卷、病态饮酒问卷、饮酒动机问卷中文版信效度指标良好。 (2)中美大学生饮酒行为特点在诸多方面具有差异,在饮酒量上,大部分中美的大学生的饮酒量集中于一周内小于等于10杯范围。小于等于10杯的范围内,中国大学生多于美国大学生,10杯到30杯的范围,美国大学生多于中国大学生；在饮酒时长方面,一周内饮酒时间在2到10小时的范围内,美国大学生数量远大于中国大学生；在最近饮酒时间方面,近一周内美国大学生的饮酒率为42.92%,近两周内美国大学生的饮酒率为14.50%,均高于中国大学生同期饮酒率。近一个月内以及近一年内,中国大学生的饮酒率分别为22.22%和39.93%,均高于同期美国大学生的饮酒率；在首次饮酒年龄为18岁以上的阶段,中美两国大学生有显著性差异。在15-18岁间,中美两国的大学生首次饮酒人数均出现明显的增加；在饮酒场所方面,除了学校、工作地、饭店,中美大学生均差异显著。中国大学生对于朋友家、家以及酒吧的选择人数明显低于美国。在饮酒动机方面,中美大学生在社会动机、应对动机、优化动机方面差异显著；在病态饮酒、亲友饮酒情况、饮酒同伴方面,中美大学生存在差异。在亲友同伴的饮酒态度上,中美的差异体现在伴侣、母亲以及兄弟姐妹鼓励喝酒上。 (3)中、美大学生压力感知与病态饮酒影响因素的内部机制不同。具体表现为：中国大学生的压力感知通过家庭社会因素影响病态饮酒行为,家庭社会因素在压力感知与病态饮酒中起部分中介作用。美国大学生的压力感知通过冲动性影响病态饮酒行为,冲动性在压力感知与病态饮酒中起完全中介作用。 研究结论 本研究结果表明,不同文化背景下,个体在饮酒行为上存在差异。具体体现在中、美大学生在饮酒量、饮酒时长、首次饮酒年龄、最近饮酒时间、饮酒动机以及饮酒场所等方面在饮酒行为方面的差异。并且,个体的病态饮酒行为受到压力感知的影响,其内部影响机制也体现了跨文化差异。其中,中国大学生被试的压力感知通过家庭社会化因素对病态饮酒产生影响,美国大学生被试的压力感知通过冲动性对病态饮酒产生影响。研究结果支持了成瘾的多元化理论,整合了病态饮酒行为的心理模型和社会模型。通过饮酒行为影响因素的跨文化探索比较研究,也进一步支持了文化与概念的自我理论模型。
[Abstract]:Purpose of the study Through the investigation and analysis of the drinking behavior and the influencing factors of the Chinese and American college students, the characteristics of the drinking behavior of the college students in China and the United States are analyzed, and the internal mechanism of the pathological drinking behavior of the college students is analyzed. A cross-cultural study of the influencing factors of alcohol consumption, which provides a scientific basis for controlling the ill-drinking behavior of college students. Reference. The study used the pressure-sensing questionnaire, the mobility questionnaire, the pathological drinking questionnaire (the drinking part in the DSM-IV) and other family socialization factors related to the drinking behavior, and discussed the alcohol consumption of the Chinese and American college students. The characteristics and differences of behavior, as well as the ill-treatment of college students The internal mechanism of alcohol behavior. A total of 1496 Chinese college students and 1,190 college students in the United States were collected and online through the Internet. The test is carried out in the form of the problem. The card-side test and t-test are used to compare the data of different properties, and the structural equation model is adopted to influence the pathological drinking of the college students. as a factor An analysis was made. The results of the study (1), the pressure-sensing questionnaire, the mobility questionnaire, the pathological drinking questionnaire, the alcohol consumption, The Chinese version of the motivation questionnaire is good. (2) The characteristics of the drinking behavior of the Chinese college students are different in many aspects. The amount of wine is concentrated in a range of less than or equal to 10 cups in a week. In the range of less than or equal to 10 cups, Chinese college students are more than American college students, 10 to 30 cups, and American college students are more than Chinese college students; in the long term of drinking, the drinking time in a week is in the range of 2 to 10 hours The number of college students in the United States is much higher than that of Chinese college students. In recent weeks, the drinking rate of American college students is 42. 92%, and the drinking rate of American college students in the last two weeks is 14. The drinking rate of Chinese college students was 22. 22% and 39. 93%, which was higher than that of the American college students in the same period. During the period of 15-18 years, there was a marked increase in the number of first-time drinking of college students in the middle and the United States; in the area of drinking, in addition to the school, The work place, the hotel, the middle-and-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the The number of people in home and in the bar is significantly lower than that of the United States. The difference of the Chinese and American college students is the difference in the drinking attitude of the friends and relatives, and the differences in the beauty of the Chinese and American students. To encourage a drink in a partner, a mother, and a sibling. (3) In the middle and the United States. The internal mechanism of the influence factors of pressure perception and pathological drinking is different. The results are as follows: The pressure perception of the Chinese college students affects the pathological drinking behavior and the family society through the family social factors. The pressure-sensing of the American college students affects the behavior of the ill-conditioned alcohol through the immobility, and the influence of the pressure-sensing of the American college students on the ill-drinking behavior of the ill-conditioned drink is the influence of the pressure-sensing of the American college students. dynamic pressure The effect of force perception and pathological drinking is an intermediate role in the study. The research conclusion is in this study. The results show that in different cultural background, the individual has a difference in the behavior of drinking. The difference in the behavior of alcohol in terms of time, motivation of drinking, and the place of drinking, and the pathological drinking behavior of the individual. Under the influence of pressure perception, the internal influence mechanism also reflects the cross-cultural difference, among which, the pressure perception of the Chinese college students is influenced by the family socialization factors on the pathological drinking. The pressure of the American college students is influenced by the immobility on the pathological drinking. The results of the study support the addiction. The theory of pluralism, the psychological model and the social model of the behavior of the pathological drinking, and the cross-culture of the influencing factors through the behavior of drinking.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848.4
本文编号：2331513
[Abstract]:Purpose of the study Through the investigation and analysis of the drinking behavior and the influencing factors of the Chinese and American college students, the characteristics of the drinking behavior of the college students in China and the United States are analyzed, and the internal mechanism of the pathological drinking behavior of the college students is analyzed. A cross-cultural study of the influencing factors of alcohol consumption, which provides a scientific basis for controlling the ill-drinking behavior of college students. Reference. The study used the pressure-sensing questionnaire, the mobility questionnaire, the pathological drinking questionnaire (the drinking part in the DSM-IV) and other family socialization factors related to the drinking behavior, and discussed the alcohol consumption of the Chinese and American college students. The characteristics and differences of behavior, as well as the ill-treatment of college students The internal mechanism of alcohol behavior. A total of 1496 Chinese college students and 1,190 college students in the United States were collected and online through the Internet. The test is carried out in the form of the problem. The card-side test and t-test are used to compare the data of different properties, and the structural equation model is adopted to influence the pathological drinking of the college students. as a factor An analysis was made. The results of the study (1), the pressure-sensing questionnaire, the mobility questionnaire, the pathological drinking questionnaire, the alcohol consumption, The Chinese version of the motivation questionnaire is good. (2) The characteristics of the drinking behavior of the Chinese college students are different in many aspects. The amount of wine is concentrated in a range of less than or equal to 10 cups in a week. In the range of less than or equal to 10 cups, Chinese college students are more than American college students, 10 to 30 cups, and American college students are more than Chinese college students; in the long term of drinking, the drinking time in a week is in the range of 2 to 10 hours The number of college students in the United States is much higher than that of Chinese college students. In recent weeks, the drinking rate of American college students is 42. 92%, and the drinking rate of American college students in the last two weeks is 14. The drinking rate of Chinese college students was 22. 22% and 39. 93%, which was higher than that of the American college students in the same period. During the period of 15-18 years, there was a marked increase in the number of first-time drinking of college students in the middle and the United States; in the area of drinking, in addition to the school, The work place, the hotel, the middle-and-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the The number of people in home and in the bar is significantly lower than that of the United States. The difference of the Chinese and American college students is the difference in the drinking attitude of the friends and relatives, and the differences in the beauty of the Chinese and American students. To encourage a drink in a partner, a mother, and a sibling. (3) In the middle and the United States. The internal mechanism of the influence factors of pressure perception and pathological drinking is different. The results are as follows: The pressure perception of the Chinese college students affects the pathological drinking behavior and the family society through the family social factors. The pressure-sensing of the American college students affects the behavior of the ill-conditioned alcohol through the immobility, and the influence of the pressure-sensing of the American college students on the ill-drinking behavior of the ill-conditioned drink is the influence of the pressure-sensing of the American college students. dynamic pressure The effect of force perception and pathological drinking is an intermediate role in the study. The research conclusion is in this study. The results show that in different cultural background, the individual has a difference in the behavior of drinking. The difference in the behavior of alcohol in terms of time, motivation of drinking, and the place of drinking, and the pathological drinking behavior of the individual. Under the influence of pressure perception, the internal influence mechanism also reflects the cross-cultural difference, among which, the pressure perception of the Chinese college students is influenced by the family socialization factors on the pathological drinking. The pressure of the American college students is influenced by the immobility on the pathological drinking. The results of the study support the addiction. The theory of pluralism, the psychological model and the social model of the behavior of the pathological drinking, and the cross-culture of the influencing factors through the behavior of drinking.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848.4
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