性别图式对负性情绪感染的影响研究
发布时间：2018-11-16 18:48
【摘要】：情绪感染是指在情绪输出者提供情绪信息的环境下,情绪接收者(受感染者)的情绪体验与输出者趋于一致的过程,往往在个体没有意识到自己的情绪正被他人影响的过程中悄然而生。已有研究表明,个体性别、人际关系、情绪信息和情境环境等因素都会对情绪感染产生影响。性别图式是个体在特定社会文化背景下,经过不断学习、内化关于两性概念(男性/女性)而形成的认知图式。它在个体对有关于性别信息的捕捉、选择与加工过程上扮演着重要的角色。已有研究表明性别图式化个体比非图式化个体更大程度自动地进行性别图式加工,且更倾向于根据性别来捕捉、选择与加工那些与自我不相关的信息。而根据情绪感染的社会比较机制,个体能够通过捕捉他人与自身相似或相异的信息来激活同化效应或对比效应,从而影响情绪信息的动态加工与行为反应。个体在无法依据自身的内在体验线索确认情绪反应的模糊情境下,往往倾向于依照他人的情绪线索来作出相应的反应,即产生社会比较。在日常生活中的情绪感染情境下,个体往往处于模糊的情绪境况且难以觉察自身情绪变化的来源与过程,而在这一过程中,性别图式化个体是否会凭借其已有的性别图式来影响对他人负性情绪的觉察与加工,在相同条件下,非图式化个体与图式化个体是否在负性情绪感染程度存在差异,已有的模仿-反馈、社会比较机制能否完美解释情绪感染的发生、发展过程。这些问题目前还未有相关研究对此进行探究,也是本研究所探讨的问题。本研究设计了两个实验:实验一在随机取样和后续的量表筛选之后,选取了80名大学生为研究对象,实验通过静态情绪面孔刺激呈现(阈上/阈下)研究不同性别图式对负性情绪感染的影响,为2(呈现条件:阈上/阈下)×2(性别图式化程度:图式化/非图式化)双因素混合实验设计;实验二结合方便取样和随机取样,再经过后续的量表筛选,选取了80名作为A组被试,80名大学生作为B组被试,通过动态变化、真实互动的情绪传递情境,研究性别图式和性别一致性对情绪感染的影响,为2(性别一致性:一致/不一致)×2(性别图式化程度:图式化/非图式化)双因素混合实验设计。研究主要得出以下结论:(1)不管是呈现负性情绪面孔图片,还是呈现正性情绪视频,抑或是与情绪效价水平有显著差异的个体进行会谈,被试都产生了显著的情绪感染效应。(2)被试的负性情绪感染效应在不同呈现条件下差异显著。被试在负性情绪面孔刺激阈上呈现时的负性情绪感染效应显著高于阈下呈现条件下呈现负性情绪面孔刺激时产生的负性情绪感染效应。(3)被试的性别图式对负性情绪感染效应影响不显著。(4)音乐能够有效舒缓消极情绪,提升情绪效价水平。(5)被试在性别一致条件下的负性情绪感染程度显著高于性别不一致条件下。(6)在性别一致条件下,性别图式化被试的情绪感染程度显著高于非图式化被试;在性别不一致条件下,性别图式化被试显著低于非图式化被试。(7)性别图式化被试在性别一致条件下,情绪感染程度显著高于性别不一致条件下;性别非图式化被试在性别一致条件下,情绪感染程度高于性别不一致条件下,但差异不显著。
[Abstract]:Emotional infection refers to the process that the emotional experience and the output of the emotional receiver (the infected person) tend to be consistent in the context of the emotional information provided by the emotional output, and often in the process of the individual not realizing that their emotions are being affected by others. Studies have shown that individual gender, interpersonal relationship, emotional information and context environment may have an impact on emotional infection. The gender pattern is the cognitive schema of the individual in the specific social and cultural background, through the continuous study and the internalization of the gender concept (male/ female). It plays an important role in the individual's capture, selection and processing of gender information. Studies have shown that gender-based individuals have more automated gender-based processes than non-schema individuals, and are more inclined to capture, select and process information that is not relevant to self-care based on gender. and according to the social comparison mechanism of the emotional infection, the individual can activate the assimilation effect or the contrast effect by capturing the information similar to or different from the other, so as to influence the dynamic processing and the behavior reaction of the emotion information. In the fuzzy situation where the individual can not confirm the emotional reaction according to the internal experience clue, the individual tends to make the corresponding response according to the other's emotional clues, that is, to generate social comparison. In the context of emotional infection in daily life, the individual tends to be in a vague mood, and it is difficult to detect the source and process of the change of the emotion, and in this process, Whether the gender-based individual will influence the awareness and processing of the negative emotion of others by virtue of their existing gender schema, under the same conditions, whether the non-schema individuals and the schema individuals have a difference in the degree of negative emotional infection, the existing imitation-feedback, The social comparison mechanism can perfectly explain the occurrence and development process of emotional infection. These problems have not yet been explored by the relevant research, and are also the issues discussed by the Institute. In this study, two experiments were designed: after a random sampling and a follow-up scale selection, 80 college students were selected as the study subjects, and the effects of different gender patterns on the negative emotional infection were studied by static emotional face stimulation (threshold/ threshold). 2 (presentation condition: threshold/ threshold)-2 (gender-schema level: schema/ non-schema) two-factor mixed experimental design; experimental two-combination convenient sampling and random sampling, followed by a subsequent scale screening, 80 students were selected as group A to be tested, and 80 college students were tested as group B. The effect of gender and gender identity on emotional infection was studied by dynamic change and real interaction. schema/ non-schema) two-factor hybrid experimental design. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) There is a significant emotional infection effect, whether it is a negative emotion face picture or a positive mood video, or an individual with a significant difference with the level of emotional titer. (2) The negative effects of negative emotional infection were different under different presentation conditions. The negative emotional infection effect when presented at the negative emotional face stimulation threshold is significantly higher than the negative emotional infection effect produced at the time of the negative emotional face stimulation under the threshold presentation conditions. (3) The gender schema was not significantly affected by the effect of negative emotional infection. (4) The music can effectively relieve the negative emotion and improve the level of emotional titer. (5) The degree of negative emotional infection under the condition of gender was significantly higher than that of gender. (6) Under the condition of gender, the degree of emotional infection of gender-schema was significantly higher than that of non-schema. Under the condition of non-uniform gender, the gender-schema was significantly lower than that of non-schema. (7) Under the condition of gender, the degree of emotional infection was significantly higher than that of gender, and the degree of emotional infection was higher than that of gender under the condition of gender, but the difference was not significant.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.6
[Abstract]:Emotional infection refers to the process that the emotional experience and the output of the emotional receiver (the infected person) tend to be consistent in the context of the emotional information provided by the emotional output, and often in the process of the individual not realizing that their emotions are being affected by others. Studies have shown that individual gender, interpersonal relationship, emotional information and context environment may have an impact on emotional infection. The gender pattern is the cognitive schema of the individual in the specific social and cultural background, through the continuous study and the internalization of the gender concept (male/ female). It plays an important role in the individual's capture, selection and processing of gender information. Studies have shown that gender-based individuals have more automated gender-based processes than non-schema individuals, and are more inclined to capture, select and process information that is not relevant to self-care based on gender. and according to the social comparison mechanism of the emotional infection, the individual can activate the assimilation effect or the contrast effect by capturing the information similar to or different from the other, so as to influence the dynamic processing and the behavior reaction of the emotion information. In the fuzzy situation where the individual can not confirm the emotional reaction according to the internal experience clue, the individual tends to make the corresponding response according to the other's emotional clues, that is, to generate social comparison. In the context of emotional infection in daily life, the individual tends to be in a vague mood, and it is difficult to detect the source and process of the change of the emotion, and in this process, Whether the gender-based individual will influence the awareness and processing of the negative emotion of others by virtue of their existing gender schema, under the same conditions, whether the non-schema individuals and the schema individuals have a difference in the degree of negative emotional infection, the existing imitation-feedback, The social comparison mechanism can perfectly explain the occurrence and development process of emotional infection. These problems have not yet been explored by the relevant research, and are also the issues discussed by the Institute. In this study, two experiments were designed: after a random sampling and a follow-up scale selection, 80 college students were selected as the study subjects, and the effects of different gender patterns on the negative emotional infection were studied by static emotional face stimulation (threshold/ threshold). 2 (presentation condition: threshold/ threshold)-2 (gender-schema level: schema/ non-schema) two-factor mixed experimental design; experimental two-combination convenient sampling and random sampling, followed by a subsequent scale screening, 80 students were selected as group A to be tested, and 80 college students were tested as group B. The effect of gender and gender identity on emotional infection was studied by dynamic change and real interaction. schema/ non-schema) two-factor hybrid experimental design. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) There is a significant emotional infection effect, whether it is a negative emotion face picture or a positive mood video, or an individual with a significant difference with the level of emotional titer. (2) The negative effects of negative emotional infection were different under different presentation conditions. The negative emotional infection effect when presented at the negative emotional face stimulation threshold is significantly higher than the negative emotional infection effect produced at the time of the negative emotional face stimulation under the threshold presentation conditions. (3) The gender schema was not significantly affected by the effect of negative emotional infection. (4) The music can effectively relieve the negative emotion and improve the level of emotional titer. (5) The degree of negative emotional infection under the condition of gender was significantly higher than that of gender. (6) Under the condition of gender, the degree of emotional infection of gender-schema was significantly higher than that of non-schema. Under the condition of non-uniform gender, the gender-schema was significantly lower than that of non-schema. (7) Under the condition of gender, the degree of emotional infection was significantly higher than that of gender, and the degree of emotional infection was higher than that of gender under the condition of gender, but the difference was not significant.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.6
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