组块破解形态顿悟的脑认知机理

发布时间：2018-11-17 06:25

【摘要】：组块破解是把过去经验中形成的完整的认知组块分解成基本元素并加以重组和利用,它是一种能够获得顿悟的创造性思维过程.自从理论心理学家Ohlsson S.于20世纪80年代提出组块破解概念以来,关于组块破解的认知与神经机制研究已经开展了30余年.迄今,组块破解形态顿悟的脑认知机理已经基本被探索清楚,主要发现有:(1)组块破解具有"突发性"、"直指性"等典型的顿悟属性;(2)组块破解是在知觉水平上发生的特殊形态顿悟,初级视觉皮层和高级视觉皮层的活动存在"失协性",背侧视觉通路和腹侧视觉通路的活动具有"协同性";(3)阻碍组块破解形态顿悟发生的障碍有多重,多重障碍源还会产生"叠加放大效应",不仅增强了腹侧视觉通路和背侧视觉通路的调控连结,而且也增强了腹侧视觉通路终端到背侧视觉通路终端之间的调控连结;(4)组块破解形态顿悟是大脑左右半球协同作用的产物,"蔡格尼克效应"存在右半球偏侧性;(5)组块破解形态顿悟是意识与无意识的综合体,或许新颖性加工是无意识的、有效性加工是有意识的,又或许酝酿期是无意识的、而顿悟期和验证期是有意识的.
[Abstract]:Block cracking is a process of creative thinking that decomposes the complete cognitive blocks formed in the past experience into basic elements and recombines them and uses them. It is a creative thinking process that can obtain an epiphany. Since theoretical psychologist Ohlsson S. Since the concept of block cracking was put forward in 1980s, the cognitive and neural mechanism of block cracking has been studied for more than 30 years. Up to now, the cognitive mechanism of morphogenetic epiphany has been basically explored. The main findings are as follows: (1) chunk cracking has typical epiphany properties such as "sudden" and "directness"; (2) Block cracking is a special epiphany at perceptual level. The activities of primary visual cortex and advanced visual cortex are disassociative, and the activities of dorsal visual pathway and ventral visual pathway are "synergistic". (3) the obstacle of blocking the formation of the block to decipher the morphogenetic epiphany, and the multiple obstacle sources will also produce "superimposed amplification effect", which not only strengthens the regulatory connection between the ventral visual pathway and the dorsal visual pathway, Furthermore, the regulatory connection between the ventral visual pathway terminal and the dorsal visual path terminal is enhanced. (4) the morphogenetic epiphany was the result of the synergistic action of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and the "Zegnik effect" existed in the right hemispheres. (5) Block deciphering epiphany is a combination of consciousness and unconsciousness, perhaps novelty processing is unconscious, validity processing is conscious, or gestation period is unconscious, and epiphany and verification period are conscious.
【作者单位】：江西师范大学心理学院江西省心理与认知科学重点实验室;中国人民大学劳动人事学院;首都师范大学心理学系学习与认知北京市重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31700956,31671124) 北京市教委市属高校创新能力提升计划(TJSH20161002801) 北京成像技术高精尖创新中心项目(BAICIT-2016018)资助
【分类号】：B842.1

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