正念促进创造力？—观察与专注的不同作用
发布时间：2018-11-26 10:57
【摘要】：正念最早起源于东方佛教传统,是其禅修训练中最为核心的一种方法。随后逐渐传入西方,与心理治疗进行融合,掀起了一股正念热潮。已有研究证明正念训练在促进积极情绪、工作记忆容量、认知灵活性等诸多方面都具有显著的效果,而这些情绪、认知因素正是促进创造力的关键。因此,我们可以推测——正念是能够促进创造力的。但令人遗憾的是,目前对正念和创造力之间关系进行探讨的研究较少,少有的研究结果也存在争议。现有正念-创造力的研究多只考虑了某一创造力测量,而创造力的测量方式多种多样,所测量的指标之间也具有一定差异,创造力指标之间的差异很可能正是当前结果不一的原因之一。此外,正念是一个复杂的多层次概念,研究发现正念的“观察”维度、“有觉知地行动”维度与创造性思维的关系可能不同。但现有研究对正念的讨论多局限于总体倾向水平,缺乏对不同正念维度的进一步考察,正念维度对创造力的影响是否具有一致性还需要进一步的探讨。因此,本研究采用了不同的创造性任务,试图探讨正念及其“观察”、“专注”成分与创造力之间的关系。研究包括两个部分。研究一旨在探讨特质正念水平及其“观察”、“专注”成分与创造力之间的相关关系。选取大学生被试228人,采用正念注意觉知量表(MAAS)和五因素正念量表(FFMQ)测量被试的正念总体及各维度水平,同时采用非常规用途任务(UUT)测量被试的发散思维,远距离联想测验(RAT)测量聚合思维,经典顿悟问题和字谜测量顿悟表现,以及采用威廉斯创造力倾向测验(WPMF)测量被试的创造性倾向。研究二在研究一的基础上,通过不同的正念训练分别对“观察”、“专注”成分进行直接操纵,旨在进一步探讨正念“观察”、“专注”成分与创造力之间的因果关系。研究结果表明:1)除经典顿悟问题外,特质正念水平与各创造性任务(UUT、RAT、字谜、WPMF)表现均呈显著正相关,即特质正念水平越高的被试,在大部分创造性任务上的表现都越好;2)在RAT、WPMF的各个维度及总体水平上,正念的“观察”维度和“有觉知地行动”维度产生了不同的作用,即相比“有觉知地行动”维度,正念的“观察”维度更能正向预测个体的RAT和WPMF表现;3)7天训练后,正念-观察组被试的RAT得分显著高于控制组,而正念-专注组被试的RAT得分与控制组并无显著差异。这也就是说相比提高正念“专注”成分的聚焦注意力训练(FA),针对于培养正念“观察”成分的开放性监测训练(OM)更能促进RAT的解决。
[Abstract]:Mindfulness originated from the oriental Buddhist tradition and is the most important method in its meditation training. Then gradually introduced into the West, and psychotherapy fusion, set off a wave of mindfulness upsurge. It has been proved that mindfulness training has remarkable effects in promoting positive emotion, working memory capacity, cognitive flexibility and so on, and these emotions and cognitive factors are the key to promote creativity. So we can speculate that mindfulness promotes creativity. Unfortunately, there are few studies on the relationship between mindfulness and creativity. Most of the existing mindfulness and creativity studies only consider a measure of creativity, and creativity is measured in a variety of ways, and there are certain differences between the indicators measured. The difference between creativity indicators is probably one of the reasons for the current inconsistency. In addition, mindfulness is a complex multi-level concept. The study found that the "observation" dimension of mindfulness and the relationship between "conscious action" dimension and creative thinking may be different. However, the discussion of mindfulness is limited to the general tendency level, and it is lack of further investigation on different mindfulness dimensions. Whether there is consistency in the influence of mindfulness on creativity still needs to be further explored. Therefore, this study uses different creative tasks to explore the relationship between mindfulness and its "observation", "focus" and creativity. The study consists of two parts. Study one aims to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and its observation, concentration and creativity. Two hundred and twenty-eight college students were selected to measure the total and dimension levels of mindfulness by using the mindfulness awareness scale (MAAS) and five-factor mindfulness scale (FFMQ), and the divergent thinking of the subjects was measured by non-conventional use task (UUT). Distance association test (RAT) was used to measure aggregate thinking, classical epiphany questions and puzzles were used to measure epiphany performance, and Williams creativity tendency test (WPMF) was used to measure the subjects' creative tendency. On the basis of study one, the second study directly manipulates the components of "observation" and "focus" through different mindfulness training, in order to further explore the causal relationship between mindfulness "observation", "focus" and creativity. The results showed that: 1) except for the classical epiphany, the level of trait mindfulness was positively correlated with the, WPMF) performance of UUT,RAT, puzzles, that is, the higher the level of trait mindfulness was, the higher the level of trait mindfulness was. The better on most creative tasks; 2) in each dimension and overall level of RAT,WPMF, the dimension of mindfulness "observation" and "conscious action" have different effects, that is, compared with the dimension of "conscious action", The observational dimension of mindfulness can positively predict the RAT and WPMF performance of individuals. 3) after 7 days of training, the RAT score of the mind-observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the RAT score of the mind-focus group was not significantly different from that of the control group. This means that (FA), can promote the solution of RAT better than to improve the focus training of mindfulness "focus" component, which is aimed at cultivating mindfulness "observation" component.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2358366
[Abstract]:Mindfulness originated from the oriental Buddhist tradition and is the most important method in its meditation training. Then gradually introduced into the West, and psychotherapy fusion, set off a wave of mindfulness upsurge. It has been proved that mindfulness training has remarkable effects in promoting positive emotion, working memory capacity, cognitive flexibility and so on, and these emotions and cognitive factors are the key to promote creativity. So we can speculate that mindfulness promotes creativity. Unfortunately, there are few studies on the relationship between mindfulness and creativity. Most of the existing mindfulness and creativity studies only consider a measure of creativity, and creativity is measured in a variety of ways, and there are certain differences between the indicators measured. The difference between creativity indicators is probably one of the reasons for the current inconsistency. In addition, mindfulness is a complex multi-level concept. The study found that the "observation" dimension of mindfulness and the relationship between "conscious action" dimension and creative thinking may be different. However, the discussion of mindfulness is limited to the general tendency level, and it is lack of further investigation on different mindfulness dimensions. Whether there is consistency in the influence of mindfulness on creativity still needs to be further explored. Therefore, this study uses different creative tasks to explore the relationship between mindfulness and its "observation", "focus" and creativity. The study consists of two parts. Study one aims to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and its observation, concentration and creativity. Two hundred and twenty-eight college students were selected to measure the total and dimension levels of mindfulness by using the mindfulness awareness scale (MAAS) and five-factor mindfulness scale (FFMQ), and the divergent thinking of the subjects was measured by non-conventional use task (UUT). Distance association test (RAT) was used to measure aggregate thinking, classical epiphany questions and puzzles were used to measure epiphany performance, and Williams creativity tendency test (WPMF) was used to measure the subjects' creative tendency. On the basis of study one, the second study directly manipulates the components of "observation" and "focus" through different mindfulness training, in order to further explore the causal relationship between mindfulness "observation", "focus" and creativity. The results showed that: 1) except for the classical epiphany, the level of trait mindfulness was positively correlated with the, WPMF) performance of UUT,RAT, puzzles, that is, the higher the level of trait mindfulness was, the higher the level of trait mindfulness was. The better on most creative tasks; 2) in each dimension and overall level of RAT,WPMF, the dimension of mindfulness "observation" and "conscious action" have different effects, that is, compared with the dimension of "conscious action", The observational dimension of mindfulness can positively predict the RAT and WPMF performance of individuals. 3) after 7 days of training, the RAT score of the mind-observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the RAT score of the mind-focus group was not significantly different from that of the control group. This means that (FA), can promote the solution of RAT better than to improve the focus training of mindfulness "focus" component, which is aimed at cultivating mindfulness "observation" component.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842
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