情绪工作记忆对视觉搜索中注意导向的作用
发布时间：2018-12-13 01:38
【摘要】：工作记忆与视觉注意之间具有非常紧密的联系。视觉工作记忆与注意共享某些特征时,视觉工作记忆内容会引导注意定向。从最初的研究开始,工作记忆对注意的影响就有很大的争议。一方面,与Downing在2000年的研究一致,Soto, Heinke, Humphreys在2005年的研究表明保存在工作记忆中的特征或目标可以以快速自动化的方式引导视觉注意。另一方面,Woodman和Luck通过“记忆—搜索”双任务范式证明工作记忆并不是自动化的捕获注意,而是当被试知道与工作记忆内容匹配的项目不可能是搜索目标时,工作记忆的内容可以以一种策略性的方式引导更为有效地搜索。情绪的负性偏向效应指机体对令人不愉快的,尤其是具有威胁性的刺激表现出心理加工和行为反应上的优先效应。 研究采用Woodman的“记忆—搜索”双任务范式,将正性或者负性情绪作为工作记忆的内容,视觉搜索序列中有可能出现工作记忆匹配项,也有可能不出现,搜索任务与工作记忆任务无关,对比不同条件下搜索任务的反应时来判断情绪工作记忆对注意的导向作用。 实验1从中国化面孔情绪图片系统选取的情绪面孔作为实验材料,结果发现有干扰条件下的反应时显著大于无干扰条件,也就是出现了情绪工作记忆内容对视觉注意自动捕获效应,支持当记忆匹配项作为干扰刺激时,依然会对视觉注意产生导向作用这一结论。但是没有发现情绪的主效应。 实验2将图示面孔作为实验材料,结果发现依然出现了工作记忆内容作为干扰刺激对视觉注意的自动捕获效应,与实验1一致。不过还发现自动捕获效应只出现在了负性条件下。 实验3为了控制情绪冲突这一额外变量,增加了无干扰有冲突条件,依然采用图示面孔作为实验材料,结果发现,工作记忆中的负性情绪与搜索项目匹配时,会干扰搜索任务,但是在正性条件下却完全没有影响。 实验4从NimStim Set of Facial Expressions选取情绪面孔作为实验材料来控制真实面孔的细节影响依然得到了比较一致的结果：仅在负性条件下,保持在工作记忆中的情绪内容会在视觉搜索中自动捕获注意,而当正性情绪工作记忆内容作为干扰刺激时,没有出现对视觉注意的导向作用。 综合以上4个实验,我们可以得出结论：当负性情绪工作记忆内容作为干扰刺激出现在搜索序列中时,被试的注意会被记忆匹配项所捕获,而当正性情绪工作记忆内容作为干扰刺激时,没有出现对视觉注意的导向作用。
[Abstract]:There is a very close relationship between working memory and visual attention. When visual working memory and attention share some characteristics, visual working memory content will guide attention orientation. The effect of working memory on attention has been controversial since the beginning of the study. On the one hand, in line with Downing's study in 2000, Soto, Heinke, Humphreys's 2005 study showed that features or goals stored in working memory can guide visual attention in a fast, automated manner. On the other hand, Woodman and Luck demonstrated through the memory-search two-task paradigm that working memory is not an automatic capture of attention, but when participants know that the item that matches the content of working memory cannot be a search target. Working memory content can lead to a more efficient search in a strategic way. The negative bias effect of emotion refers to the preemptive effect of psychological processing and behavioral response to unpleasant, especially threatening, stimuli. Using Woodman's "memory-search" two-task paradigm, positive or negative emotions are taken as the contents of working memory. It is possible that there may or may not be a working memory match in the visual search sequence. The search task was independent of the working memory task, and the response time of the search task under different conditions was compared to judge the guiding effect of emotional working memory on attention. In experiment 1, the emotional faces selected from the Chinese face image system were used as the experimental materials. The results showed that the response time under the interference condition was significantly greater than that under the non-interference condition. That is to say, there is an automatic capture effect of emotional working memory on visual attention, which supports the conclusion that when memory matches are used as interference stimuli, they still have a guiding effect on visual attention. But no major emotional effects were found. In experiment 2, the graphical face was used as the experimental material, and it was found that the automatic capture effect of working memory as an interference stimulus to visual attention was still present, which was consistent with experiment 1. However, it is also found that the automatic capture effect only occurs under negative conditions. In experiment 3, in order to control the extra variable of emotional conflict and to increase the condition of non-interference and conflict, we still used the graphic face as the experimental material. The results showed that the negative emotion in working memory would interfere with the search task when the negative emotion in working memory matched with the search item. But under the positive condition, it has no effect at all. In experiment 4, the detailed effects of emotional faces selected from NimStim Set of Facial Expressions as experimental materials to control real faces were still consistent: only under negative conditions, The emotional content kept in working memory will automatically capture attention in visual search, but when positive emotional working memory content is used as interference stimulus, there is no guiding effect on visual attention. Combined with the above four experiments, we can conclude that when the negative emotion working memory content appears in the search sequence as an interference stimulus, the attention of the subjects will be captured by the memory match. However, when positive emotion working memory content is used as disturbance stimulus, it has no guiding effect on visual attention.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2375630
[Abstract]:There is a very close relationship between working memory and visual attention. When visual working memory and attention share some characteristics, visual working memory content will guide attention orientation. The effect of working memory on attention has been controversial since the beginning of the study. On the one hand, in line with Downing's study in 2000, Soto, Heinke, Humphreys's 2005 study showed that features or goals stored in working memory can guide visual attention in a fast, automated manner. On the other hand, Woodman and Luck demonstrated through the memory-search two-task paradigm that working memory is not an automatic capture of attention, but when participants know that the item that matches the content of working memory cannot be a search target. Working memory content can lead to a more efficient search in a strategic way. The negative bias effect of emotion refers to the preemptive effect of psychological processing and behavioral response to unpleasant, especially threatening, stimuli. Using Woodman's "memory-search" two-task paradigm, positive or negative emotions are taken as the contents of working memory. It is possible that there may or may not be a working memory match in the visual search sequence. The search task was independent of the working memory task, and the response time of the search task under different conditions was compared to judge the guiding effect of emotional working memory on attention. In experiment 1, the emotional faces selected from the Chinese face image system were used as the experimental materials. The results showed that the response time under the interference condition was significantly greater than that under the non-interference condition. That is to say, there is an automatic capture effect of emotional working memory on visual attention, which supports the conclusion that when memory matches are used as interference stimuli, they still have a guiding effect on visual attention. But no major emotional effects were found. In experiment 2, the graphical face was used as the experimental material, and it was found that the automatic capture effect of working memory as an interference stimulus to visual attention was still present, which was consistent with experiment 1. However, it is also found that the automatic capture effect only occurs under negative conditions. In experiment 3, in order to control the extra variable of emotional conflict and to increase the condition of non-interference and conflict, we still used the graphic face as the experimental material. The results showed that the negative emotion in working memory would interfere with the search task when the negative emotion in working memory matched with the search item. But under the positive condition, it has no effect at all. In experiment 4, the detailed effects of emotional faces selected from NimStim Set of Facial Expressions as experimental materials to control real faces were still consistent: only under negative conditions, The emotional content kept in working memory will automatically capture attention in visual search, but when positive emotional working memory content is used as interference stimulus, there is no guiding effect on visual attention. Combined with the above four experiments, we can conclude that when the negative emotion working memory content appears in the search sequence as an interference stimulus, the attention of the subjects will be captured by the memory match. However, when positive emotion working memory content is used as disturbance stimulus, it has no guiding effect on visual attention.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
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